RISIKO IKLIM DALAM TATA KELOLA PERGARAMAN RAKYAT: KONVERGENSI HAZARD PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KERENTANAN SOSIAL-STRUKTURAL PADA PETANI GARAM DESA RAWAURIP KABUPATEN CIREBON

Gian Anggraeni Andriyanto, Novi Paramita Dewi, S.IP.,MDP.,Ph.D.

2026 | Tesis | S2 Administrasi Publik

Perubahan iklim meningkatkan ketidakpastian garam rakyat yang sangat bergantung pada cuaca. Namun, risiko yang dihadapi petani garam tidak hanya dari hazard iklim, melainkan juga dari kerentanan sosial structural yang berkembang jauh sebelum hazard iklim. Penelitian bertujuan menjelaskan mekanisme sosial terbentuknya risiko iklim pada petani garam Rawaurip, Kabupaten Cirebon melalui interaksi hazard perubahan iklim dan kerentanan berlapis dalam kerangka Pressure and Release (PAR) Model Wisner. Dengan desain studi kasus instrumental dan pendekatan abduktif. Data dikumpulkan lewat wawancara mendalam, obervasi lapangan, dokumentasi dan analisis kebijakan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan risiko iklim petani garam sebagai produk sosial yang terstruktur dan berlapis. Risiko iklim terbentuk melalui interaksi spesifik antara ketidakpastian musim, curah hujan ekstrem, dan variabilitas cuaca dengan kerentanan sosial-struktural petani garam yang berkembang dari root causes, dynamic pressure hingga unsafe condition. Ketergantungan tinggi terhadap cuaca, keterbatasan pembiayaan, defisit keterampilan adaptasi, fragmentasi dukungan sosial, serta kerentanan sistem dan infrastruktur produksi menjadi kondisi yang mengubah hazard menjadi risiko. Konsekuensinya bersifat berantai, dimulai dari risiko produksi, kemudian berkembang menjadi risiko fisik, ekonomi, dan penghidupan. Temuan ini menunjukkan petani garam berada dalam kondisi penghidupan yang rentan-terikat, yakni rentan terhadap keterbatasan akses dan perlindungan, sekaligus terikat pada sistem produksi yang sangat bergantung pada stabilitas cuaca dan sulit didiversifikasi. Sementara pengelolaan risiko selama ini berlangsung melalui pemahaman risiko, infrastruktur  dan upaya pengurangan risiko, strategi kesiapsiagaan masyarakat, serta dukungan kebijakan dan tata ruang belum sepenuhnya terintegrasi dalam pengelolaan risiko yang antisipatif. Sementara kebijakan dan praktik tata kelola risiko iklim masih cenderung reaktif, sectoral dan berorientasi pada bantuan produksi sehingga belum mampu memberikan perlindungan risiko iklim yang antisipatif dan adaptif. Sehingga, pengembangan tata kelola risiko iklim pergaraman harus diarahkan lebih antisipatif, inklusif, terintegrasi, dan berbasis kapasitas adaptasi

Climate change increases the uncertainty of people's salt which is highly dependent on the weather. However, the risks faced by salt farmers are not only from climate hazards, but also from structural social vulnerabilities that develop long before climate hazards. The research aims to explain the social mechanisms of climate risk formation in salt farmers in Rawaurip, Cirebon Regency through the interaction of climate change hazards and layered vulnerabilities within the Pressure and Release (PAR) framework of the Wisner Model. With an instrumental case study design and an abductive approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, field observations, documentation and policy analysis. The results of the study show the climate risks of salt farmers as a structured and layered social product. Climate risk is formed through the specific interaction between seasonal uncertainties, extreme rainfall, and weather variability with the socio-structural vulnerability of salt farmers that develop from root causes, dynamic pressure to unsafe conditions. High dependence on the weather, limited financing, deficit in adaptation skills, fragmentation of social support, and vulnerability of production systems and infrastructure are conditions that turn hazards into risks. The consequences are chain-linked, starting from production risks, then developing into physical, economic, and livelihood risks. These findings show that salt farmers are in vulnerable livelihood conditions, namely vulnerable to limited access and protection, as well as being tied to production systems that are highly dependent on weather stability and difficult to diversify. Meanwhile, risk management has been ongoing through risk understanding, infrastructure and risk reduction efforts, community preparedness strategies, and policy and spatial support have not been fully integrated in anticipatory risk management. Meanwhile, climate risk management policies and practices still tend to be reactive, sectoral, and production-assisted, so they have not been able to provide anticipatory and adaptive climate risk protection. Thus, the development of salt climate risk governance must be directed more anticipatory, inclusive, integrated, and based on adaptation capacity.

Kata Kunci : Kerentanan, PAR Model, Perubahan Iklim, Petani Garam, Risiko Iklim, Tata Kelola Risiko Iklim