Kapabilitas Kesiapsiagaan Kelembagaan untuk Wisata Edukasi Geohazard di Geopark Sumbu Imajiner Yogyakarta: Analisis DPSIR

Silfani, Prof. Dr. Sri Rum Giyarsih, M.Si. ; Dr. Bevaola Kusumasari, S.IP., M.Si.

2026 | Tesis | S2 MAGISTER MANAJEMEN BENCANA

Meningkatnya kejadian bencana memperparah risiko pada kawasan wisata akibat tata kelola kelembagaan masih bersifat respons oriented dan berfokus pada lembaga teknis tunggal, sementara kerangka DPSIR belum diadaptasi untuk menjelaskan kapabilitas dan umpan balik kelembagaan pada kawasan geopark. Kawasan Geopark Sumbu Imajiner Yogyakarta (GSIY) merupakan koridor multibahaya (erupsi, gempa, dan tsunami) yang memerlukan kapabilitas kelembagaan untuk mendukung wisata edukasi bencana, namun tata kelolanya masih menghadapi tantangan koordinasi lintas sektor dan tingkat kesiapsiagaan yang rendah. Penelitian ini menjelaskan bagaimana government capability memengaruhi institutional preparedness dalam pengelolaan wisata geohazard melalui pendekatan Driving Forces Pressures State Impact Response (DPSIR). Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi faktor pendorong dan tekanan, mengevaluasi tingkat kesiapsiagaan kelembagaan, dan merumuskan model kelembagaan adaptif berbasis DPSIR di Geopark Sumbu Imajiner Yogyakarta (GSIY).

Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan desain embedded single-case study, GSIY sebagai kasus tunggal dengan enam lembaga pengelola sebagai unit of analysis. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara semi-terstruktur, observasi lapangan, dokumentasi, dilengkapi expert assessment enam dimensi Government Capability dan dianalisis melalui open, axial, serta selective coding dengan validitas melalui triangulasi sumber, teori, dan metode.

Driving Forces didominasi oleh kebijakan UNESCO Global Geoparks, agenda pembangunan berkelanjutan, dan transformasi menuju quality tourism, namun menghasilkan kapabilitas yang berbeda antar lembaga karena dimoderasi oleh lintasan historis tiap lembaga (path dependence). Pressures berupa fragmentasi kelembagaan, keterbatasan pendanaan, konflik konservasi dan pariwisata, serta perubahan lingkungan. Skor kapabilitas (State) bervariasi dari cukup siap hingga siap, dengan financial capability sebagai dimensi terlemah, serta menunjukkan pola kesenjangan implementasi yang dikompensasi melalui jejaring eksternal.

Secara teoretis, hasil riset ini memperluas integrasi DPSIR dengan Government Capability dan geoconservation. Secara praktis, penelitian ini menyediakan model bagi pemerintah daerah dan pengelola geopark untuk memperkuat kesiapsiagaan kelembagaan melalui kolaborasi, pembelajaran organisasi, dan prioritas pendanaan berbasis risiko. Kesiapsiagaan kelembagaan di Geopark Sumbu Imajiner Yogyakarta tidak cukup hanya ditentukan oleh kapasitas internal organisasi, tetapi juga diperlukan kemampuan membangun tata kelola adaptif melalui kolaborasi lintas sektor dan pembelajaran kelembagaan dalam menghadapi risiko geohazard secara berkelanjutan.

The increasing frequency of disasters exacerbates risks in tourism areas, as institutional governance remains response-oriented and focused on a single technical agency, while the DPSIR framework has not yet been adapted to explain institutional capabilities and feedback mechanisms within geopark areas. The Yogyakarta Imaginary Axis Geopark (GSIY), as a multi-hazard corridor exposed to eruptions, earthquakes, and tsunamis, requires strong institutional capabilities to support disaster education tourism. However, its governance continues to face cross-sector coordination challenges and demonstrates low levels of institutional preparedness. This study examines how government capability influences institutional preparedness in geohazard tourism management using the Driving Forces, Pressures, State, Impact, and Response (DPSIR) approach. The study aims to identify driving forces and pressures, evaluate institutional preparedness levels, and formulate a DPSIR-based adaptive institutional model for the GSIY Geopark. The study employs a qualitative method with an embedded single-case study design, treating GSIY as the single case and six management agencies as the units of analysis. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, field observations, and documentation, complemented by expert assessment across six dimensions of Government Capability. The data were analyzed using open, axial, and selective coding, with validity established through source, theory, and method triangulation. The driving forces are dominated by UNESCO Global Geoparks policies, sustainable development agendas, and the transition toward quality tourism. However, these drivers produce varying levels of institutional capability due to the moderating influence of each agency's historical trajectory (path dependence). The pressures include institutional fragmentation, funding limitations, conservation and tourism conflicts, and environmental changes. Capability scores in the State dimension range from sufficiently prepared to prepared, with financial capability identified as the weakest dimension. The findings also reveal implementation gaps that are partially compensated for through external networks.

Theoretically, this research extends the integration of the DPSIR framework with Government Capability and geoconservation concepts. Practically, it provides a model for local governments and geopark managers to strengthen institutional preparedness through cross-sector collaboration, organizational learning, and risk-based funding prioritization. Institutional preparedness at the Yogyakarta Imaginary Axis Geopark is determined not only by internal organizational capacity but also by the ability to establish adaptive governance through cross-sector collaboration and institutional learning to address geohazard risks sustainably.

Kata Kunci : kapabilitas pemerintah, kesiapsiagaan kelembagaan, DPSIR, geowisata edukasi bencana, geopark, tata kelola adaptif