Pemanfaatan Ortofoto Dalam Analisis Metode Pembagian Lahan Untuk Redistribusi Tanah (Studi Kasus : Kecamatan Simpang Pematang, Kabupaten Mesuji, Lampung)

Tanadhi Reivo Wahyu Nugroho, Dr. Anindya Sricandra Prasidya, S.T., M.Eng.

2026 | Tugas Akhir | D4 TEKNOLOGI SURVEI DAN PEMETAAN DASAR

Redistribusi tanah merupakan salah satu upaya reforma agraria untuk mewujudkan pemerataan penguasaan dan pemilikan tanah. Bidang-bidang tanah di Desa Margo Rahayu dan Desa Margo Makmur, Kecamatan Simpang Pematang, Kabupaten Mesuji, saat ini sedang dalam proses peralihan status dari Hak Guna Usaha (HGU) menjadi Hak Milik (SHM) melalui program redistribusi tanah. Objek redistribusi seluas sekitar 1.510,93 ha memiliki kondisi topografi yang tidak seragam dan terdapat jaringan jalan yang membatasi area pembagian, sehingga pembagian bidang perlu mempertimbangkan karakteristik fisik dan spasial lahan. Permasalahan yang dikaji adalah belum optimalnya pemanfaatan informasi kondisi fisik lahan dalam proses redistribusi, serta belum diketahui metode pembagian bidang yang lebih efektif untuk diterapkan pada kondisi lahan tersebut.

Proses redistribusi diawali dengan pengukuran GNSS statik untuk memperoleh koordinat Ground Control Point (GCP) dan Independent Control Point (ICP), serta pemotretan udara untuk menghasilkan ortofoto. Sebanyak 9.038 foto udara diolah menggunakan Agisoft Metashape melalui tahapan alignment, georeferencing, bundle adjustment, dense point cloud, DEM, DTM, dan ortofoto. Data GNSS diikatkan terhadap CORS melalui titik Base. Ortofoto digunakan sebagai dasar analisis spasial, sedangkan DTM digunakan untuk memperoleh kemiringan lereng berdasarkan SNI 8473:2018. Ketelitian produk diuji menggunakan CE90 dan LE90 berdasarkan SNI 9135-1:2022. Hasil analisis digunakan untuk menentukan AOI efektif setelah area jalan dikeluarkan. Luas bidang ditentukan berdasarkan AOI (Area of Interest) efektif dan estimasi 873 calon penerima manfaat, lalu disimulasikan menggunakan grid 130 m × 130 m atau 16.900 m² dengan metode Center Based dan Corner Based.

Hasil pengolahan menghasilkan ortofoto dengan GSD 4,54 cm/piksel, CE90 sebesar 0,315 m dan LE90 sebesar 0,202 m, sehingga memenuhi Ketelitian Peta Dasar Kelas 1 Skala 1:2.500. Sebanyak 87,94% wilayah memiliki kemiringan 0–15%. AOI efektif seluas 1.482,96 ha menghasilkan luas ideal 16.987 m² per KK yang disimulasikan menjadi 16.900 m². Metode Center Based menghasilkan 988 bidang dengan 652 bidang (66%) memenuhi ukuran ideal, sedangkan Corner Based menghasilkan 986 bidang dengan 663 bidang (67%). Metode Corner Based menghasilkan 11 bidang ideal lebih banyak sehingga dinilai lebih optimal dalam mengurangi bidang terpotong di tepi AOI. Namun, kedua metode belum memenuhi estimasi kebutuhan 873 bidang. 

Land redistribution is one of the agrarian reform efforts aimed at achieving equitable land tenure and ownership. The case study of this final project is located in Margo Rahayu and Margo Makmur Villages, Simpang Pematang District, Mesuji Regency, involving land that is currently undergoing a change in status from Cultivation Right to Ownership Right through a land redistribution program. The redistribution area covers approximately 1,510.93 ha and has varying topographic conditions, with road networks limiting the area available for parcel division. Therefore, land parcel division needs to consider the physical and spatial characteristics of the area. The problems examined are the suboptimal utilization of information on physical land conditions and the lack of knowledge regarding which parcel division method is more effective between the Center Based and Corner Based methods.

The redistribution process began with static GNSS measurements to obtain the coordinates of Ground Control Points and Independent Control Points, followed by aerial photography to produce an orthophoto. A total of 9,038 aerial photographs were processed using Agisoft Metashape through alignment, georeferencing, bundle adjustment, dense point cloud generation, DEM, DTM, and orthophoto generation. GNSS data were tied to CORS through a Base station. The orthophoto was used as the basis for spatial analysis, while the DTM was used to derive slope information based on SNI 8473:2018. Product accuracy was evaluated using CE90 and LE90 based on SNI 9135-1:2022. The analysis was used to determine the effective AOI after excluding road areas. Parcel size was determined based on the effective AOI and an estimated 873 beneficiaries, and was simulated using a 130 m × 130 m grid or 16,900 m² with the Center Based and Corner Based methods.

The results produced an orthophoto with a GSD of 4.54 cm/pixel, a CE90 of 0.315 m, and an LE90 of 0.202 m, meeting the Class 1 Basic Map Accuracy at a scale of 1:2,500. Slope analysis showed that 87.94% of the area had slopes of 0–15%. The effective AOI of 1,482.96 ha resulted in an ideal parcel size of 16,987 m² per household, which was simulated as 16,900 m². The Center Based method produced 988 parcels, with 652 parcels (66%) meeting the ideal size, while the Corner Based method produced 986 parcels, with 663 parcels (67%) meeting the ideal size. The Corner Based method produced 11 more ideal parcels and was considered more optimal in reducing truncated parcels along the AOI boundaries. However, neither method met the estimated requirement of 873 parcels.

Kata Kunci : Redistribusi Tanah, Ortofoto, Fotogrametri, GNSS, Kemiringan Lereng, Center Based, Corner Based.