Analisis Resiliensi Rumah Tangga Penyintas Gempabumi di Hunian Tetap Kota Palu dengan Pendekatan Objektif dan Subjektif

Rabihatun Raihanah, Dr. Dyah Rahmawati Hizbaron, S.Si., M.T., M.Sc.; Dr. Andri Kurniawan, S.Si., M.Si.

2026 | Tesis | S2 Geografi

Bencana gempabumi tahun 2018 di Kota Palu dan sekitarnya menyebabkan banyak rumah tangga kehilangan tempat tinggal dan direlokasi ke Hunian Tetap (Huntap). Relokasi kemudian mengubah tatanan sosial, ekonomi, dan budaya yang memengaruhi penghidupan dan ketangguhan rumah tangga. Kerangka Sustainable Livelihood framework digunakan untuk mengestimasi ketangguhan rumah tangga berdasarkan penghidupannya secara objektif. Sedangkan, pendekatan subjektif dijadikan kajian pelengkap untuk menilai aspek yang tidak sepenuhnya terukur secara objektif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) menganalisis kondisi pergeseran penghidupan penyintas di hunian tetap Kota Palu, (2) menganalisis resliensi rumah tangga penyintas dengan pendekatan objektif dan subjektif, (3) menganalisis hubungan resiliensi objektif dan resiliensi subjektif. 

Penelitian dilakukan pada lima Hunian Tetap (Huntap) di Kota Palu, yaitu Huntap Tondo 1, Tondo 2, Talise, Petobo, dan Duyu, dengan sampel sebanyak 100 rumah tangga yang dipilih melalui proportional random sampling. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner pendekatan objektif untuk mengestimasi pergeseran aset, akses, dan aktivitas rumah tangga pra dan pascabencana dan relokasi, kuesioner pendekatan subjektif untuk mengukur persepsi ketangguhan, serta in-depth interview informan kunci sebagai data pelengkap. Analisis penelitian meliputi statistik deskriptif dan pengkopositan indeks, uji beda pra dan pascabencana dan relokasi, analisis tipologi resiliensi, serta uji hubungan antara resiliensi objektif dan subjektif.

Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa terjadi pola pergeseran penghidupan berbeda pada  setiap huntap. Parameter aset meningkat pada Huntap Tondo 1, Tondo 2, dan Huntap Duyu tetapi, menurun pada Huntap Talise dan Petobo. Parameter akses menurun pada seluruh Huntap. Parameter Aktivitas menurun pada Huntap Tondo 1, Tondo 2, Talise, Petobo dan meningkat hanya pada Huntap Duyu (10%). Secara keseluruhan resiliensi rumah tangga secara objektif pada kategori sedang (67,46%). Sedangkan, secara subjektif juga berada dalam katogori sedang (66,69%). Kombinasi resiliensi dengan kedua pendekata menghasilkan variasi tipologi pada setiap huntap dengan rincian Resiliensi Optimal (Huntap Tondo 1), Resiliensi Material (Huntap Talise), Resiliensi Mandiri (Tondo 2), dan Resiliensi Terbatas (Huntap Petobo dan Duyu). Berdasarkan hasil uji hubungan resiliensi objektif dan subjektif menunjukan tidak ada hubungan secara statistik yang signifikan antara resiliensi objektif dan subjektif

The 2018 earthquake in the city of Palu and the surrounding area resulted many of households lost their homes and were subsequently relocated to Permanent Housing (Huntap). Relocation alters social, economic, and cultural structures, which can affect household livelihoods and resilience. The Sustainable Livelihood Framework is often used to objectively assess household resilience based on their livelihoods. Meanwhile, a subjective approach serves as a complementary analysis to evaluate aspects that cannot be fully measured objectively. This study aims to: (1) analyze the livelihood shifts of disaster survivors living in permanent housing (Huntap) in Palu City; (2) analyze household resilience among disaster survivors using objective and subjective approaches; and (3) analyze the relationship between objective and subjective resilience.\

This study was conducted in five Permanent Housing (Huntap) sites in Palu City, namely Huntap Tondo 1, Tondo 2, Talise, Petobo, and Duyu, with a sample of 100 households selected through proportional random sampling. Data were collected using an objective questionnaire to estimate shifts in household assets, access, and activities before and after the disaster and relocation; a subjective questionnaire to measure perceptions of household resilience; and in-depth interviews with key informants as supplementary data. The research analysis includes descriptive statistics and index composite, comparisons of pre- and post-disaster conditions and relocation, an analysis of resilience typologies, and an examination of the relationship between objective and subjective resilience.

The research findings show that different patterns of livelihood shifts occurred in  each permanent housing site. Asset levels increased at the Tondo 1, Tondo 2, and Duyu permanent housing sites but decreased at the Talise and Petobo sites. Access levels decreased across all permanent housing sites. Activity parameters decreased in the Tondo 1, Tondo 2, Talise, and Petobo permanent housing settlements and increased only in the Duyu permanent housing settlement (10%). Overall, household resilience objectively falls into the moderate category (67.46%). Subjectively, it also falls into the moderate category (66.69%). The combination of resilience using both approaches resulted in varying typologies across each Huntap, specifically: Optimal Resilience (Huntap Tondo 1), Material Resilience (Huntap Talise), Self-Reliance Resilience (Tondo 2), and Limited Resilience (Huntap Petobo and Duyu). Based on the results of the test of the relationship between objective and subjective resilience, there was no statistically significant relationship between objective and subjective resilience.

Kata Kunci : Resiliensi Penyintas, Pasca Gempabumi Palu tahun 2018, Resiliensi Objektif, Resiliensi Subjektif, Livelihood framework, Hunian Tetap.