Tourist Perceived Crowding pada Geosite di Kawasan Geopark Dieng dalam Konteks Overtourism

AHMAD DANI DAHLAN, Dr.rer.pol. Dyah Widiyastuti, S.T., M.C.P.; Mukhammad Rizka Fahmi Amrozi, S.T., M.Sc., Ph.D.

2026 | Tesis | S2 Magister Kajian Pariwisata

Kawasan Geopark Dieng menyandang status ganda sebagai destinasi wisata unggulan sekaligus kawasan pelindung warisan geologi. Kunjungan pascapandemi meningkat signifikan namun terdistribusi tidak merata antar geosite dan memuncak pada hari libur, sehingga berpotensi menimbulkan tekanan pariwisata. Gejala overtourism pada destinasi berbasis konservasi tidak dapat dinilai hanya dari jumlah kunjungan, melainkan juga dari tekanan yang dirasakan wisatawan. Sehingga perlu kajian yang mengukur tourist perceived crowding dengan memperlakukan dimensi human crowding dan spatial crowding secara terpisah sebagai indikasi awal gejala overtourism.

Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif deskriptif-komparatif yang dipadukan dengan pendekatan spasial. Data primer dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner terhadap 299 responden pada lima geosite terpilih, dilengkapi data objektif berupa intensitas kunjungan, luas ruang aktivitas, serta durasi dan jam kunjungan. Periode pengumpulan data Mei – Juni 2026. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis faktor eksploratori, uji perbandingan nonparametrik, penyandingan data subjektif dan objektif, estimasi physical carrying capacity, serta klasifikasi spasial pada dua tingkat keruangan, yaitu antar zona di dalam geosite dan antar geosite dalam kawasan.

Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa kedua dimensi berperilaku berbeda. Human crowding tergolong tinggi pada Bukit Sikunir, Kawah Sikidang, dan Telaga Warna, sedangkan spatial crowding tidak tinggi pada seluruh geosite, dan keduanya memiliki keterkaitan yang berbeda dengan kesan kunjungan. Tekanan terdistribusi tidak merata secara berlapis, terkonsentrasi pada geosite di dekat jalur wisata utama dan pada zona aktivitas utama di dalam tiap geosite. Sintesis kedua dimensi menghasilkan tiga tipologi sumber tekanan, yaitu tekanan bersumber sosial, tekanan bersumber struktural, dan tekanan laten, yang menunjukkan bahwa tekanan pariwisata mulai terasa pada titik-titik tertentu di Kawasan Geopark Dieng dan menuntut intervensi pengelolaan berbasis keruangan sesuai sumber tekanannya.

The Dieng Geopark Area holds a dual status as a leading tourist destination and a geological heritage conservation area. Post-pandemic visitation has increased significantly but is unevenly distributed across geosites and peaks on holidays, potentially generating tourism pressure. Overtourism symptoms in conservation-based destinations cannot be assessed solely from visitation numbers, but also from the pressure perceived by tourists. Therefore, a study is needed that measures tourist perceived crowding by treating the human crowding and spatial crowding dimensions separately as an early indication of overtourism symptoms.

This study employs a quantitative descriptive-comparative approach combined with a spatial approach. Primary data were collected through a questionnaire administered to 299 respondents at five selected geosites, complemented by objective data comprising visitation intensity, activity space area, and visit duration and timing. The data collection period was May – June 2026. Data were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis, nonparametric comparative tests, the juxtaposition of subjective and objective data, physical carrying capacity estimation, and spatial classification at two spatial levels, namely across zones within geosites and across geosites within the area.

This study finds that the two dimensions behave differently. Human crowding is high at Bukit Sikunir, Kawah Sikidang, and Telaga Warna, whereas spatial crowding is not high at any geosite, and the two dimensions relate differently to visit impressions. Pressure is unevenly distributed in a layered manner, concentrated at geosites near the main tourism corridor and within the main activity zones of each geosite. The synthesis of both dimensions yields three typologies of pressure sources, namely socially sourced pressure, structurally sourced pressure, and latent pressure, indicating that tourism pressure has begun to emerge at particular points in the Dieng Geopark Area and calling for spatially based management interventions according to its pressure source.  

Kata Kunci : tourist perceived crowding, human crowding, spatial crowding, overtourism