Keadilan Sosial bagi Masyarakat Adat Poco Leok dalam Perspektif Nancy Fraser Studi atas Politik Geotermal di Nusa Tenggara Timur

Hendrik Lukas Maarang, Dr. Supartiningsih, S.S., M.Hum, Dr. Ridwan Ahmad Sukri, S.S., M.Hum

2026 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Filsafat

Penelitian ini membahas masalah keadilan sosial dalam politik pengembangan geotermal di kawasan adat Poco Leok, Kabupaten Manggarai, Nusa Tenggara Timur. Sebagai bagian dari agenda transisi energi nasional, pengembangan geotermal diarahkan untuk memperkuat distribusi energi dan mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi daerah. Namun, implementasinya memunculkan berbagai persoalan yang berkaitan dengan ruang hidup masyarakat adat, keberlanjutan budaya lokal, dan partisipasi masyarakat dalam proses pengambilan keputusan pembangunan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjawab dua permasalahan, yaitu mengidentifikasi problem keadilan yang muncul dalam pengembangan geotermal di kawasan adat Poco Leok serta menganalisis problem tersebut melalui perspektif keadilan sosial Nancy Fraser. Penelitian ini menggunakan model penelitian masalah aktual dengan pendekatan studi kepustakaan dan metode hermeneutik filosofis melalui unsur metodis interpretasi, koherensi intern, heuristik, dan deskripsi. Data penelitian diperoleh dari berbagai sumber kepustakaan yang relevan, meliputi buku, jurnal ilmiah, laporan penelitian, dokumen kebijakan, artikel ilmiah, dan berita yang berkaitan dengan masyarakat adat Poco Leok serta politik pengembangan geotermal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengembangan geotermal di Poco Leok melahirkan tiga problem keadilan yang saling berkaitan. Pertama, ancaman terhadap ruang hidup masyarakat adat. Kedua, terhadap marginalisasi ruang kultural. Ketiga, krisis partisipasi politik. Berdasarkan perspektif keadilan sosial Nancy Fraser, ketiga persoalan tersebut merupakan bentuk ketidakadilan multidimensional yang mencakup maldistribution, misrecognition, dan misrepresentation, yang secara sistemik menghambat terwujudnya kesetaraan partisipasi (participatory parity) bagi masyarakat adat Poco Leok. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa transisi energi dan pembangunan berkelanjutan tidak dapat dijalankan semata-mata melalui pendekatan teknokratis dan ekonomistik, melainkan harus menjamin redistribusi ekonomi, rekognisi kultural, dan representasi politik masyarakat adat secara setara sebagai prasyarat terwujudnya pembangunan yang berkeadilan.

This study examines the issue of social justice in the politics of geothermal development within the customary territory of Poco Leok, Manggarai Regency, East Nusa Tenggara. As part of Indonesia's national energy transition agenda, geothermal development has been promoted to strengthen energy distribution and stimulate regional economic growth. However, its implementation has generated various problems related to the living space of the Indigenous community, the sustainability of local culture, and public participation in development decision-making processes. This study aims to address two research questions: first, to identify the forms of injustice arising from geothermal development in the customary territory of Poco Leok; and second, to analyze these issues through Nancy Fraser's perspective of social justice. The research employs an actual-problem research model using a library research approach and the philosophical hermeneutic method, applying the methodological elements of interpretation, internal coherence, heuristics, and description. The data were collected from various relevant sources, including books, scholarly journals, research reports, policy documents, academic articles, and news reports concerning the Indigenous community of Poco Leok and the politics of geothermal development. The findings reveal that geothermal development in Poco Leok has generated three interrelated forms of injustice. First, it threatens the living space of the Indigenous community. Second, it marginalizes their cultural space. Third, it creates a crisis of political participation. From Nancy Fraser's perspective of social justice, these three problems constitute forms of multidimensional injustice encompassing maldistribution, misrecognition, and misrepresentation, which systematically hinder the realization of participatory parity for the Indigenous community of Poco Leok. This study concludes that energy transition and sustainable development cannot be pursued solely through technocratic and economistic approaches. Instead, they must ensure economic redistribution, cultural recognition, and the equal political representation of Indigenous peoples as essential prerequisites for achieving socially just development.

Kata Kunci : masyarakat adat Poco Leok; pengembangan geotermal; keadilan sosial; redistribusi; rekognisi; representasi.