Implementasi Penggunaan Community Readiness Model Dalam Penilaian Kesiapan Masyarakat Menghadapi Bencana Banjir Di Desa Sapanang Kecamatan Binamu Kabupaten Jeneponto Sulawesi Selatan

Hamka Abdi Kusuma, Syahirul Alim, S.Kp., M.Sc., Ph.D.;Elsi Dwi Hapsari, S.Kp., M.S., D.S.

2026 | Tesis | S2 Magister Keperawatan

Latar Belakang: Desa Sapanang merupakan wilayah dengan tingkat kerentanan banjir yang tinggi, sebagaimana dibuktikan oleh banjir bandang pada Januari 2019 yang menyebabkan 302 unit rumah terdampak, ratusan warga mengungsi, serta mengakibatkan kerugian material yang signifikan. Kesiapan masyarakat dalam menghadapi banjir menjadi faktor kunci dalam upaya pengurangan risiko bencana, namun hingga saat ini belum pernah dilakukan penilaian yang komprehensif dan terstandar. 

Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan menilai tingkat kesiapan masyarakat Desa Sapanang dalam menghadapi bencana banjir berdasarkan lima dimensi Community Readiness Model (CRM), yaitu pengetahuan akan upaya, kepemimpinan, iklim komunitas, pengetahuan akan isu, dan sumber daya.

Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan instrumen CRM yang dikembangkan oleh Tri-Ethnic Centre for Prevention Research. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam terhadap 13 partisipan kunci yang dipilih secara purposive, meliputi kepala desa,  tokoh masyarakat, tokoh agama, tokoh adat, relawan bencana, kader kesehatan, kepala RW yang diwakili masing-masing 1 partisipan dan warga terdampak yang di wakili 6 orang partisipan. Analisis dilakukan melalui penilaian konsensus oleh dua penilai dan diinterpretasikan berdasarkan 9 tahapan kesiapan CRM.

Hasil: Tingkat kesiapan masyarakat secara keseluruhan berada pada Tahap 4 (Perencanaan Awal/Preplanning) dengan nilai rata-rata 4,2 dari rentang skor nilai kesiapan 1-9.  Hasil penilaian per dimensi menunjukkan pengetahuan akan upaya  berada pada tahap persiapan dengan nilai rata-rata 5,2, iklim komunitas berada di tahap perencanaan awal dengan rata-rata 4,6, kepemimpinan berada di tahap perencanaan awal dengan nilai rata-rata 4,3 , pengetahuan akan isu berada ditahap kesadaran samar dengan nilai rata-rata 3,8 dan sumber daya berada ditahap kesadaran samar dengan nilai rata-rata 3,0. Dimensi sumber daya menjadi dimensi dengan skor terendah, mencerminkan ketiadaan anggaran, kelompok relawan formal, pelatihan kesiapsiagaan, maupun tenaga ahli bencana di desa.

Simpulan: Masyarakat Desa Sapanang telah memiliki kesadaran awal terhadap risiko banjir, namun membutuhkan intervensi bertahap yang berfokus pada peningkatan literasi kebencanaan, penguatan kepemimpinan lokal, inventarisasi aset, pelatihan teknis, dan advokasi sumber daya untuk meningkatkan kesiapan menuju tahap implementasi yang nyata.

Kata Kunci: Community Readiness Model, Kesiapan Masyarakat, Bencana Banjir, Kesiapsiagaan, Desa Sapanang

Background: Sapanang Village is an area with a high level of flood vulnerability, as evidenced by the flash flood in January 2019 that affected 302 housing units, displaced hundreds of residents, and caused significant material losses. Community readiness in facing floods is a key factor in disaster risk reduction efforts, yet a comprehensive and standardized assessment has never been conducted. 

Objective: This study aims to assess the level of readiness of the Sapanang Village community in facing flood disasters based on the five dimensions of the Community Readiness Model (CRM), namely knowledge of efforts, leadership, community climate, knowledge of the issue, and resources.

Methods: This study used a qualitative approach with the CRM instrument developed by the Tri-Ethnic Centre for Prevention Research. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with 13 key participants selected through purposive sampling, comprising the village head, community leaders, religious leaders, traditional leaders, disaster volunteers, health cadres, and a neighborhood head, each represented by 1 participant, and affected residents represented by 6 participants. Analysis was conducted through consensus assessment by two raters and interpreted based on the 9 CRM readiness stages.

Results: The overall level of community readiness was at Stage 4 (Preplanning) with an average score of 4.2 out of a readiness score range of 1–9. Results per dimension showed that knowledge of efforts was at the preparation stage with an average score of 5.2, community climate was at the preplanning stage with an average of 4.6, leadership was at the preplanning stage with an average score of 4.3, knowledge of the issue was at the vague awareness stage with an average score of 3.8, and resources were at the vague awareness stage with an average score of 3.0. The resources dimension had the lowest score, reflecting the absence of a budget, formal volunteer groups, preparedness training, and disaster experts in the village.

Conclusion: The Sapanang Village community already has initial awareness of flood risk, but requires a gradual intervention focused on improving disaster literacy, strengthening local leadership, asset inventory, technical training, and resource advocacy to increase readiness toward a genuine implementation stage.

Keywords: Community Readiness Model, Community Readiness, Flood Disaster, Preparedness, Sapanang Village

Kata Kunci : Community Readiness Model, Kesiapan Masyarakat, Bencana Banjir, Kesiapsiagaan, Desa Sapanang/Community Readiness Model, Community Readiness, Flood Disaster, Preparedness, Sapanang Village