Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Jagung Pulut (Zea mays ceratina) pada Sistem Tanam Tumpang Sari Jajar Legowo dengan Kedelai (Glycine max L.)

Mukalil Akbar, Ir. Budiastuti Kurniasih, M.Sc., Ph.D. ; Valentina Dwi Suci Handayani, S.P., M.Sc., Ph.D.

2026 | Tesis | S2 Agronomi

Produktivitas jagung pulut (Zea mays ceratina) dapat ditingkatkan melalui penerapan sistem tumpang sari, salah satunya dengan sistem tanam jajar legowo yang memungkinkan pemanfaatan lahan secara efisien dan optimal. Penelitian ini  bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh sistem tanam tumpang sari jajar legowo terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman jagung pulut. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Desember 2024 hingga Mei 2025, di Sonopakis Kidul, Ngestiharjo, Kasihan, Bantul, Yogyakarta, serta di Laboratorium Manajemen dan Produksi Tanaman, Sub-Laboratorium Ilmu Tanaman, Departemen Budidaya Pertanian, Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Gadjah Mada. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap (RAKL) satu faktor dengan lima perlakuan sistem tanam, yaitu monokultur jagung (P1), tumpang sari jajar legowo 2:1 (P2), tumpang sari jajar legowo 3:1 (P3), tumpang sari jajar legowo 4:1 (P4) dan monokultur kedelai (M0). Setiap perlakuan diulang sebanyak tiga kali sehingga diperoleh lima belas petak percobaan. Variabel pengamatan meliputi kondisi fisik dan kimia tanah, kondisi lingkungan, kadar lengas tanah, pengamatan fisiologis, pertumbuhan tanaman, hasil dan komponen hasil, serta evaluasi efisiensi lahan. Data di analisis menggunakan sidik ragam (ANOVA) dengan taraf ?=5?n uji lanjut BNT dengan taraf kepercayaan 95%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem tumpang sari jajar legowo tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap kadar air nisbi (KAN), kandungan klorofil, kandungan prolin, dan indeks panen, namun sistem tanam berpengaruh nyata dengan meningkatkan densitas stomata, lebar bukaan stomata, kadar CO2 internal, laju fotosintesis, tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, bobot kering akar, batang, daun, tajuk, klobot, tongkol, dan biji, serta komponen hasil jagung seperti diameter janggel, jumlah baris per tongkol, panjang tongkol, jumlah biji per tongkol, bobot 100 biji, bobot biji per tanaman, dan bobot biji per hektar. Perlakuan tumpang sari jajar legowo 2:1 memberikan hasil terbaik dengan nilai tertinggi pada sebagian besar parameter pertumbuhan dan hasil, serta nilai Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) tertinggi (1,82), menunjukkan efisiensi pemanfaatan lahan yang optimal. Sistem tumpang sari jajar legowo 2:1 juga memberikan keunggulan kompetisi dan produktivitas dibandingkan perlakuan lainnya.

Increasing the productivity of waxy corn (Zea mays ceratina) can be achieved through the application of intercropping systems, one of which is the Legowo row planting system, which enables more efficient and optimal land utilization. This study aimed to determine the effect of the Legowo row intercropping system on the growth and yield of waxy corn. The research was conducted from December 2024 to May 2025 in Sonopakis Kidul, Ngestiharjo, Kasihan, Bantul, Yogyakarta, as well as at the Plant Management and Production Laboratory, Plant Science Sub-Laboratory, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada. The experiment was conducted using a single-factor Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) consisting of five planting system treatments: corn monoculture (P1), 2:1 Legowo row intercropping system (P2), 3:1 Legowo row intercropping system (P3), 4:1 Legowo row intercropping system (P4), and soybean monoculture (M0). Each treatment was replicated three times, resulting in fifteen experimental plots. The observed variables included soil physical and chemical properties, environmental conditions, soil moisture content, physiological characteristics, plant growth, yield and yield components, as well as land-use efficiency. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) at a significance level of ? = 5%, followed by the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test at a 95% confidence level. The results showed that the Legowo row intercropping system had no significant effect on relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll content, proline content, and harvest index. However, the planting system significantly increased stomatal density, stomatal aperture width, internal CO? concentration, photosynthetic rate, plant height, stem diameter, root dry weight, stem dry weight, leaf dry weight, shoot dry weight, husk dry weight, ear dry weight, and grain dry weight. Furthermore, the system significantly improved yield components of waxy corn, including cob diameter, number of kernel rows per ear, ear length, number of kernels per ear, 100-grain weight, grain weight per plant, and grain yield per hectare. The 2:1 Legowo row intercropping treatment showed the best performance, with the highest values for most growth and yield parameters, as well as the highest Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) value (1.82), indicating optimal land-use efficiency. The 2:1 Legowo row intercropping system also demonstrated better competitive ability and productivity compared with the other treatments.

Kata Kunci : Tumpang sari, jajar legowo, jagung pulut