Implementasi Pendekatan One Health dalam Pencegahan dan Pengendalian Leptospirosis di Kota Yogyakarta

FITRI NUR MEDIA PURWANTI, Prof. Dr. dr. Mubasysyir Hasanbasri, M.A.; drh. Kharisma Dewi, M.P.H.

2026 | Tesis | MAGISTER KEBIJAKAN DAN MANAJEMEN KESEHATAN

Latar belakang: Leptospirosis merupakan penyakit zoonosis yang masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY), dengan Kota Yogyakarta sebagai salah satu wilayah yang mengalami peningkatan kasus. Mengingat penularannya melibatkan interaksi antara manusia, hewan, dan lingkungan, diperlukan upaya pencegahan dan pengendalian yang terintegrasi melalui pendekatan One Health. Tujuan: Menganalisis implementasi pendekatan One Health dalam pencegahan dan pengendalian leptospirosis di Kota Yogyakarta, meliputi aspek kebijakan, komunikasi, koordinasi lintas sektor, dan keterlibatan komunitas, faktor pendukung dan penghambat implementasi, serta upaya penguatan implementasi pendekatan One Health. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain studi kasus tunggal. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara mendalam terhadap delapan informan dari Dinas Kesehatan Kota Yogyakarta, Dinas Pertanian dan Pangan, Puskesmas Tegalrejo, serta masyarakat, disertai telaah dokumen. Analisis data dilakukan secara tematik. Hasil: Implementasi pendekatan One Health dalam pencegahan dan pengendalian leptospirosis di Kota Yogyakarta belum berjalan optimal. Komunikasi dan koordinasi lintas sektor masih bersifat sektoral dan reaktif terhadap kasus, sementara kolaborasi formal melalui Tim Koordinasi Daerah (Tikorda) belum berfungsi secara optimal. Meskipun telah tersedia regulasi, dukungan surveilans, dan komitmen masing-masing instansi, implementasi masih terkendala oleh belum adanya SOP terpadu, keterbatasan sumber daya, serta belum terintegrasinya sistem data dan koordinasi lintas sektor. Kesimpulan: Implementasi pendekatan One Health masih belum sepenuhnya terwujud karena kolaborasi lintas sektor belum berjalan secara terintegrasi. Penguatan fungsi Tikorda, penyusunan SOP terpadu, integrasi surveilans, peningkatan kapasitas sumber daya manusia, dan keterlibatan masyarakat diperlukan untuk meningkatkan efektivitas pencegahan dan pengendalian leptospirosis di Kota Yogyakarta.

Background: Leptospirosis remains a public health concern in the Special Region of Yogyakarta (DIY), with an increasing number of cases reported in Yogyakarta City. Given that leptospirosis transmission involves complex interactions among humans, animals, and the environment, integrated prevention and control efforts based on the One Health approach are essential. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the implementation of the One Health approach in leptospirosis prevention and control in Yogyakarta City, focusing on policy, communication, cross-sectoral coordination, and community engagement, as well as to identify supporting and inhibiting factors and strategies to strengthen its implementation. Methods: This study employed a qualitative approach using a single case study design. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with eight informants from the Yogyakarta City Health Office, the Agriculture and Food Office, Tegalrejo Community Health Center (Puskesmas), and the community, complemented by a document review. Data were analyzed thematically. Results: The implementation of the One Health approach for leptospirosis prevention and control in Yogyakarta City was not yet optimal. Communication and cross-sectoral coordination remained largely siloed and reactive to reported cases, while formal collaboration through the Regional Coordination Team (Tikorda) had not functioned optimally. Although regulations, surveillance mechanisms, and institutional commitment were in place, implementation was constrained by the absence of integrated Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs), limited resources, and insufficient integration of data systems and cross-sectoral coordination. Conclusion: The One Health approach has not been fully implemented due to insufficient integration of cross-sectoral collaboration. Strengthening the function of Tikorda, developing integrated SOPs, integrating surveillance systems, enhancing human resource capacity, and promoting community engagement are essential to improving the effectiveness of leptospirosis prevention and control in Yogyakarta City.

Kata Kunci : Leptospirosis, One Health, zoonosis, implementasi, kolaborasi lintas sektor, Kota Yogyakarta.