Penilaian Kualitas Tanah Menggunakan Minimum Data Set Berbasis PCA di Agroekosistem Pesisir Parangtritis, Bantul
Hasrul Habib Sinuraya, Dr. Ir. Eko Hanudin, M.P., IPU., ASEAN Eng ; Prof. Dr. Ir. Sri Nuryani Hidayah Utami, M.P., M.Sc.
2026 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Tanah
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan
bahwa parameter yang terpilih sebagai MDS berdasarkan analisis komponen utama
atau PCA dan scoring adalah fraksi lempung, P-tersedia, dan
C-mineralisasi. Penilaian kualitas tanah menggunakan dua model perhitungan
menurut kriteris Sanchez et al (2015) yang menunjukkan variasi harkat. Nilai
IKTa pada ketiga penggunaan lahan berada pada harkat sedang hingga sangat
rendah, dengan urutan dari yang tertinggi yaitu lahan Tegalan (0,486; sedang),
Sawah (0,356; rendah), dan Kebun Campuran (0,073; sangat rendah). Sementara itu
model IKTw dengan pembobotan menghasilkan harkat sangat rendah untuk seluruh
penggunaan lahan, dengan nilai tertinggi pada Tegalan (0,185), Sawah (0,164),
dan Kebun Campuran (0,029). Kualitas tanah tertinggi pada lahan tegalan pasiran
didorong secara mutlak oleh tingginya kandungan hara P-tersedia sebagai akibat
dari intervensi antropogenik berupa pemupukan fosfat yang intensif untuk
komoditas hortikultura. Kualitas tanah pada lahan sawah dan kebun campuran
bernilai lebih rendah akibat faktor pembatas fisik berupa tingginya kandungan
fraksi lempung masing-masing sebesar 62,92?n 65,70%. Akumulasi lempung
aluvial yang padat ini menyebabkan kondisi drainase buruk dan memicu fiksasi
hara makro. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya perbedaan nilai
kualitas tanah yang dipengaruhi oleh manajemen input hara dan karakteristik
tekstur asal bahan induk. Rekomendasi pengelolaan yang dapat diterapkan
berdasarkan temuan ini adalah aplikasi pembenah tanah organik secara intensif
pada lahan tegalan pasiran untuk meningkatkan kapasitas retensi hara, serta
perbaikan sistem drainase dan aerasi tanah pada lahan sawah lempungan.
Agricultural development in coastal agroecosystems faces constraints in the form of low nutrient and water retention, making soil quality assessment an urgent need for determining sustainable management strategies. Based on these findings, the recommended management practices included intensive application of organic soil amendments in sandy drylandmely paddy fields (Inceptisol), mixed gardens (Inceptisol), and dryland fields (Entisol). Soil sampling was conducted using a purposive sampling method in the cultivated soil layer at a depth of 0–30 cm, with a total of 36 soil samples (3 land uses × 12 sampling points). Laboratory analyses included physical parameters (soil texture, bulk density, particle density, and porosity), chemical parameters (pH, organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, and cation exchange capacity), and biological parameters (C-mineralization, C-biomass microbial, and C-POM). Data analysis was conducted by reducing the number of parameters using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to establish a Minimum Data Set (MDS), followed by parameter scoring and weighting to calculate the final SQI values. The results showed that the parameters selected as the MDS based on principal component analysis (PCA) and scoring were the clay fraction, available phosphorus, and C-mineralization. Soil quality assessment using two calculation models based on the criteria of Sanchez et al. (2015) showed variations in soil quality ratings. The SQIa values under the three land uses ranged from moderate to very low, with the highest value observed in the dryland field (0.486; moderate), followed by the paddy field (0.356; low) and mixed garden (0.073; very low). Meanwhile, the weighted SQIw model classified all land uses as having very low soil quality, with the highest value recorded in the dryland field (0.185), followed by the paddy field (0.164) and mixed garden (0.029). The highest soil quality in the sandy dryland field was primarily attributed to the high content of available phosphorus resulting from anthropogenic intervention in the form of intensive phosphate fertilization for horticultural crops. Soil quality in the paddy field and mixed garden was lower due to a physical limiting factor, namely the high clay fraction, which reached 62.92% and 65.70%, respectively. The accumulation of dense alluvial clay contributed to poor drainage conditions and promoted the fixation of macronutrients. The study concluded that differences in soil quality values were influenced by nutrient input management and the textural characteristics of the parent material. Based on these findings, the recommended management practices included intensive application of organic soil amendments in sandy dryland fields to improve nutrient retention capacity, as well as improvements to soil drainage and aeration systems in clayey paddy fields.
Kata Kunci : agroekosistem pesisir, indeks kualitas tanah, minimum data set, pemupukan intensif, fraksi lempung