Uji Validitas Dan Reliabilitas Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) Versi Indonesia Pada Pasien Kanker Payudara Di RSUP Sardjito Yogyakarta

Andhika Prima Nirmala Putri, dr. Irwan Supriyanto, Ph.D., Sp. KJ; Dr. dr. Budi Pratiti, Sp. KJ

2026 | Tesis | S2 Kedokteran Klinik

UJI VALIDITAS DAN RELIABILITAS 

PAIN CATASTROPHIZING SCALE (PCS) VERSI INDONESIA PADA PASIEN KANKER PAYUDARA DI RSUP SARDJITO YOGYAKARTA

INTISARI

Latar Belakang: Nyeri merupakan salah satu gejala yang paling umum dan mengganggu pada pasien kanker payudara. Selain faktor biologis, faktor psikologis seperti pain catastrophizing berperan penting dalam memperberat persepsi nyeri, meningkatkan disabilitas, pemanfaatan layanan kesehatan, serta penggunaan analgesik termasuk opioid. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan instrumen yang valid dan reliabel untuk mengukur pain catastrophizing. Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) merupakan instrumen yang paling banyak digunakan, namun belum pernah diuji secara spesifik pada pasien kanker payudara di Indonesia.

Tujuan: Mengetahui validitas dan reliabilitas Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) versi Indonesia pada pasien kanker payudara di RSUP Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta.

Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi analitik observasional dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Sebanyak 50 pasien kanker payudara direkrut menggunakan metode consecutive sampling. Uji validitas meliputi validitas muka, validitas isi, dan validitas konstruk. Validitas isi dinilai secara kualitatif oleh tiga pakar, sedangkan validitas konstruk dianalisis menggunakan korelasi Pearson Product Moment dan analisis faktor dengan Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Reliabilitas internal dinilai menggunakan koefisien Cronbach’s alpha.

Hasil: Validitas muka menunjukkan seluruh item PCS mudah dipahami dan sesuai dengan pengalaman responden. Validitas isi dinilai baik oleh para pakar dengan revisi minor pada satu item yang setelah diuji ulang menunjukkan keterbacaan yang baik. Seluruh item memiliki korelasi positif dan signifikan terhadap skor total. Analisis faktor menunjukkan PCS versi Indonesia terdiri atas tiga konstruk dengan nilai factor loading 0,580–0,859. Uji reliabilitas menunjukkan nilai Cronbach’s alpha sebesar 0,899.

Kesimpulan: PCS versi Indonesia merupakan alat ukur yang valid dan reliabel untuk menilai pain catastrophizing pada pasien kanker payudara di Indonesia. 

Kata kunci:  Kanker payudara, Nyeri, Pain Catastrophizing, Pain Catastrophizing Scale

VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY OF THE INDONESIAN VERSION OF THE PAIN CATASTROPHIZING SCALE (PCS) AMONG BREAST CANCER PATIENTS AT DR. SARDJITO GENERAL HOSPITAL, YOGYAKARTA

ABSTRACT

Background: Pain is one of the most common and distressing symptoms in breast cancer patients. In addition to biological factors, psychological factors such as pain catastrophizing play an important role in worsening pain perception, increasing disability, healthcare utilization, and the use of analgesics including opioids. Therefore, a valid and reliable instrument is needed to measure pain catastrophizing. The Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) is a commonly used instrument in pain research; however, it has never been specifically tested in Indonesian breast cancer patients.

Objective: To evaluate the validity and reliability of the Indonesian version of the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) in breast cancer patients at Dr. Sardjito General Hospital Yogyakarta.

Methods: This is an observational analytical study with a cross-sectional approach. A total of 50 breast cancer patients were recruited using consecutive sampling. Validity testing included face validity, content validity, and construct validity. Face validity was assessed qualitatively by three experts, while construct validity was analyzed using Pearson Product Moment correlation and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Internal reliability was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient.

Results: Face validity showed that all PCS items were understandable and appropriate to respondents’ experiences. Content validity was assessed by three experts, with revision of one item before being re-evaluated and deemed acceptable. All items showed positive and significant correlations with the total score. Factor analysis revealed that the Indonesian PCS consisted of three factors with factor loadings ranging from 0.580 to 0.859. Reliability testing demonstrated a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.899.

Conclusion: The Indonesian version of the PCS is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring pain catastrophizing in Indonesian breast cancer patients.

Keywords: Breast cancer, Pain, Pain catastrophizing, Pain Catastrophizing Scale

Kata Kunci : Kanker payudara, Nyeri, Pain Catastrophizing, Pain Catastrophizing Scale