Tanggapan Fisiologis, Pertumbuhan Vegetatif Dan Hasil Tebu (Saccharum Officinarum L.) Keprasan Kedua Terhadap Hidrogel, Partikel Nano Silika Dan K-Humat Di Inceptisol, Seyegan, Sleman

MOH. ALFIYAN SYAH, Eka Tarwaca Susila Putra, S.P., M.P., Ph.D.

2026 | Tesis | S2 Agronomi

Sistem budidaya tebu ratun (Saccharum officinarum L.) menghadapi tantangan penurunan produktivitas akibat degradasi kesuburan tanah dan ketergantungan tinggi terhadap pupuk anorganik NPKS. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji pengaruh hidrogel, nanopartikel silika (SiNPs), dan K-Humat (HidroSiHum) terhadap kapasitas metabolik, fisiologis, pertumbuhan, dan hasil tebu ratun kedua varietas PSJT 941 pada fase pertumbuhan vegetatif, serta menentukan persentase penurunan dosis pupuk anorganik yang dapat dicapai melalui penggunaan ketiga komponen tersebut secara terintegrasi. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Inceptisol Seyegan, Sleman, menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap (RAKL) faktor tunggal dengan tujuh perlakuan kombinasi HidroSiHum dan dosis NPKS (T0 sampai T6) serta tiga ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa HidroSiHum memperbaiki kapasitas metabolik, fisiologis, pertumbuhan, dan hasil tebu ratun kedua di Inceptisol Seyegan, Sleman. Perbaikan ini tercermin dari peningkatan kapasitas tukar kation dan status Si tanah, efisiensi serapan hara makro yang melampaui rata-rata umum, aktivitas nitrat reduktase dan kandungan klorofil yang terjaga, serta pertumbuhan vegetatif dan hasil panen yang setara atau melampaui kontrol dosis penuh. Penggunaan HidroSiHum secara terintegrasi mampu menurunkan dosis pupuk NPKS hingga 50% (dari 1000 kg/ha-1 menjadi 500 kg/ha-1, perlakuan T3) pada budidaya tebu ratun kedua di Inceptisol Seyegan, Sleman, tanpa menurunkan hasil panen maupun kualitas gula, bahkan kadar Brix pada dosis yang diturunkan ini lebih tinggi dibanding kontrol dosis penuh.

Ratoon sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) cultivation faces declining productivity due to soil fertility degradation and heavy reliance on inorganic NPKS fertilizer. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of hydrogel, silica nanoparticles (SiNPs), and potassium humate (HidroSiHum) on the metabolic capacity, physiology, growth, and yield of second-ratoon sugarcane cv. PSJT 941 during the vegetative growth stage, and to determine the percentage reduction in inorganic fertilizer dose achievable through the integrated application of these three components. The study was conducted on Inceptisols in Seyegan, Sleman, using a single-factor Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with seven treatment combinations of HidroSiHum and NPKS dose (T0 to T6) and three replications. The results showed that HidroSiHum improved the metabolic capacity, physiology, growth, and yield of second-ratoon sugarcane on Inceptisols in Seyegan, Sleman. These improvements were reflected in increased soil cation exchange capacity and Si status, macronutrient uptake efficiency exceeding common averages, sustained nitrate reductase activity and chlorophyll content, and vegetative growth and yield that were equivalent to or exceeded the full-dose control. Integrated application of HidroSiHum reduced the NPKS fertilizer dose by 50% (from 1,000 kg ha?¹ to 500 kg ha?¹, treatment T3) in second-ratoon sugarcane cultivation on Inceptisols in Seyegan, Sleman, without reducing yield or sugar quality; the Brix content at this reduced dose was even higher than that of the full-dose control.

Kata Kunci : efisiensi penggunaan hara, hidrogel, K-Humat, nanopartikel silika, tebu ratun