Privatisasi Ruang Laut Melalui Budidaya Mutiara: Dinamika Sosial-Ekonomi Dan Lingkungan Di Desa Sekaroh, Lombok Timur Nusa Tenggara Barat

Sarisah, Prof. Dr. Suharko, M.Si

2026 | Tesis | S2 Sosiologi

Industrialisasi budidaya mutiara sering kali memicu konflik spasial dan membatasi akses masyarakat pesisir terhadap sumber daya laut lokal. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis fenomena privatisasi ruang laut serta dampak sosial, ekonomi, dan lingkungan yang ditimbulkan oleh operasional perusahaan budidaya mutiara di Desa Sekaroh, Lombok Timur. Analisis penelitian ini didasarkan pada teori Common Pool Resources (CPR) untuk membedah privatisasi sumber daya bersama. Studi ini menggunakan metode studi kasus kualitatif, data dikumpulkan melalui observasi lapangan dan wawancara mendalam dengan nelayan tradisional, pemerintah desa, serta pihak korporasi di Desa Sekaroh. Analisis data dilakukan melalui teknik penjodohan pola dengan eksplanasi melalui proses proposisi awal. Hasil studi menemukan bahwa perusahaan melakukan privatisasi ruang laut melalui pemasangan infrastruktur long-line, yang secara langsung mengesampingkan prinsip pengelolaan CPR dan mempersempit wilayah tangkap nelayan tradisional. Studi ini secara teoritis berkontribusi pada literatur privatisasi sumber daya kelautan serta menawarkan rekomendasi kebijakan evaluasi dampak bagi pengembangan budidaya mutiara berbasis komunitas yang berkelanjutan. Privatisasi sumber daya juga berdampak terhadap kehidupan sosial, ekonomi dan lingkungan masyarakat Sekaroh. Diantaranya perampasan hak akses ruang laut, pergeseran mata pencaharian, hingga keberlanjutan lingkungan dan CPR.

The industrialization of pearl farming often triggers spatial conflicts and restricts coastal communities’ access to local marine resources. This study aims to analyze the phenomenon of marine space privatization and the social, economic, and environmental impacts caused by the operations of pearl farming companies in Sekaroh Village, East Lombok. The analysis in this study is based on the Common Pool Resources (CPR) theory to examine the privatization of shared resources. This study employs a qualitative case study method; data were collected through field observations and in-depth interviews with traditional fishermen, village officials, and corporate representatives in Sekaroh Village. Data analysis was conducted using pattern-matching techniques with explanations based on an initial proposition. The study found that the company privatized marine space by installing long-line infrastructure, which directly undermined the principles of CPR management and restricted the fishing grounds of traditional fishermen. Theoretically, this study contributes to the literature on the privatization of marine resources and offers policy recommendations for impact assessments regarding the development of sustainable, community-based pearl farming. The privatization of natural resources has also had an impact on the social, economic, and environmental lives of the Sekaroh community. These impacts include the deprivation of rights to access marine areas, shifts in livelihoods, and issues related to environmental sustainability and community-based resource management (CPR).

Kata Kunci : Budidaya Mutiara, Privatisasi Laut, Nelayan