Optimasi Dan Validasi Ekstraksi Komponen Fenolik Dari Anggur Laut (Caulerpa spp.) Berbantu Sonikasi

Farras Fauzan Munawar, Dr. Lulum Leliana, S.T.P., Dr. Widiastuti Setyaningsih, S.T.P., M.Sc.

2026 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu dan Teknologi Pangan

Anggur laut (Caulerpa spp.) mengandung senyawa fenolik yang perolehannya dipengaruhi oleh kondisi ekstraksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengoptimasi ekstraksi senyawa fenolik menggunakan Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE), memvalidasi metode, serta mengaplikasikannya pada sampel Caulerpa spp. dari berbagai lokasi budidaya di Indonesia. Screening menggunakan One Factor at a Time (OFAT) dilakukan terhadap jenis dan konsentrasi pelarut, suhu, waktu, amplitudo, serta rasio pelarut terhadap sampel. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa seluruh faktor memberikan perbedaan signifikan terhadap total phenolic content (TPC), kecuali waktu ekstraksi. Konsentrasi etanol, suhu, dan rasio pelarut terhadap sampel selanjutnya dioptimasi menggunakan Box–Behnken Design dan Response Surface Methodology. Kondisi optimal diperoleh pada etanol 68%, suhu 50 °C, dan rasio 20:1 (mL/g), menghasilkan TPC eksperimental 1,567 ± 0,02 mg GAE/g sampel, mendekati prediksi 1,582 mg GAE/g sampel. Metode menunjukkan presisi yang baik dan efektivitas ekstraksi siklus pertama sebesar 80,6%. Aplikasi pada C. lentillifera dan C. racemosa menunjukkan variasi TPC dan senyawa fenolik antar sampel. Analisis HPLC-PDA mengidentifikasi asam 4-hidroksibenzoat, kaempferol, 4-hidroksibenzaldehida, dan syringic acid. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa UAE yang dioptimasi dapat digunakan untuk ekstraksi dan karakterisasi senyawa fenolik pada sampel Caulerpa spp.

Sea grapes (Caulerpa spp.) contain phenolic compounds whose extraction is influenced by extraction conditions. This study aimed to optimize phenolic compound extraction using Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE), validated the method performance, and apply the method to Caulerpa spp. samples from different cultivation locations in Indonesia. Screening using the One-Factor-at-a-Time (OFAT) approach was performed for solvent type and concentration, extraction temperature and time, amplitude, and solvent-to-sample ratio. All factors significantly affected total phenolic content (TPC), except extraction time. Ethanol concentration, temperature, and solvent-to-sample ratio were subsequently optimized using Box–Behnken Design and Response Surface Methodology. The optimal conditions were 68% ethanol, 50 °C, and a solvent-to-sample ratio of 20:1 (mL/g), yielding an experimental TPC of 1.567 ± 0.02 mg GAE/g sample, which was close to the predicted value of 1.582 mg GAE/g sample. The method demonstrated good precision and an extraction efficiency of 80.6% in the first extraction cycle. Application to C. lentillifera and C. racemosa showed variations in TPC and phenolic compounds among samples. HPLC-PDA analysis identified 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, kaempferol, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, and syringic acid. Overall, the optimized UAE method can be applied for the extraction and characterization of phenolic compounds in Caulerpa spp.

Kata Kunci : Caulerpa, Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction; Phenolic Compounds, Total Phenolic Content, Response Surface Methodology, HPLC-PDA.