Analisis Pola Pergeseran Stasiun CORS Akibat Gempa Bumi Pasaman Mw 6,1 Tahun 2022
Syahdan Dzulhaj Rafie, Dr. Ir. Yulaikhah, S.T., M.T., IPU.
2026 | Skripsi | TEKNIK GEODESI
The February 25, 2022 Pasaman earthquake (Mw 6.1) was a shallow earthquake associated with active faulting that caused crustal deformation in the surrounding area. Several Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Continuously Operating Reference Stations (CORS) with continuous observation records are located within the affected region and have the potential to be utilized for deformation monitoring. However, it remains unclear which GNSS CORS stations best represent the deformation associated with the fault activity and the earthquake. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the displacement pattern, displacement magnitude, and the velocity and direction of displacement of GNSS CORS stations to identify those that best represent the deformation caused by the February 25, 2022 Pasaman earthquake.
This study utilized observation data from ten GNSS CORS stations surrounding the Pasaman earthquake area, namely CPSM, CAIR, CTEK, CSBH, CBKN, PANJ, CPAR, CPDG, CKRC, and CSDH, covering a 120-day observation period from January 1 to April 30, 2022. The observation period was divided into three deformation phases: the interseismic phase (January 1–February 24, 2022), the coseismic phase (February 25, 2022), and the postseismic phase (February 26–April 30, 2022). The data were processed using the Precise Point Positioning–Ambiguity Resolution (PPP-AR) method with the PRIDE PPP-AR software, as it provides high-precision coordinate estimates through carrier-phase ambiguity resolution. The resulting daily coordinates, referenced to the ITRF2014 reference frame, were analyzed using time-series analysis. GNSS CORS Displacement magnitude was computed from daily coordinate changes, while GNSS CORS displacement velocity was estimated using the linear least squares adjustment method because it provides optimal estimation of velocity parameters based on the complete observation dataset. The significance of the estimated velocities was assessed using the Student's t-test at a 95% confidence level.
The time-series analysis showed a clear crustal deformation response caused by the 2022 Pasaman Earthquake during each deformation phase. The coordinate accuracy evaluation showed that all GNSS CORS stations achieved millimeter-level horizontal and vertical Root Mean Square (RMS) values, meeting the accuracy requirements for crustal deformation analysis. During the coseismic phase (25 February 2022), several stations experienced significant displacement, with horizontal displacement ranging from 1.3 to 8.3 mm and vertical displacement from ?9.5 to 8.3 mm. The displacement velocities ranged from 41.7 to 671.6 mm/year for the horizontal component (uncertainty: 66.0–448.2 mm/year) and from ?651.6 to 1834.2 mm/year for the vertical component (uncertainty: 278.7–1206.9 mm/year). These velocity estimates should be interpreted with caution because the short observation period makes them more sensitive to GNSS noise. During the interseismic and postseismic phases, the displacement pattern remained relatively stable at the millimeter level. Therefore, CAIR and CPSM were identified as the stations that best represent the deformation caused by the 25 February 2022 Pasaman Earthquake based on their displacement patterns, magnitudes, and velocities.
Kata Kunci : Deformasi, gempa bumi, CORS, pergeseran, Pasaman, PPP-AR