Perbandingan Kejadian Gangguan Neurosensori pada Nervus Alveolaris Inferior dan Nervus Lingualis Serta Chorda Tympani Pascaodontektomi Molar Ketiga Mandibula Antara Tindakan dengan Anestesi Lokal dan dengan Anestesi general (Studi Observasional Komparatif Prospektif)

Raden Sonny Aditya Santosa Setjadiningrat, drg. Poerwati Soetji Rahajoe, Sp.B.M.Mf., Subsp.Tr.Mf.S.Tm., Ph.D

2026 | Tesis-Spesialis | S2 Ilmu Bedah Mulut

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh penggunaan anestesi umum (GA) dan anestesi lokal (LA) pada odontektomi molar ketiga mandibula terhadap kejadian gangguan neurosensori nervus alveolaris inferior (NAI), nervus lingualis (NL), dan chorda tympani (CT).

Desain penelitian adalah prospektif terhadap 50 subjek, terdiri atas 25 subjek kelompok GA dan 25 subjek kelompok LA. Pemeriksaan neurosensori dilakukan secara subjektif dan objektif terhadap NAI dan NL menggunakan directional brush test, two-point discrimination, light touch, dan pinprick test, sedangkan CT dinilai dengan gustatory perception test. Analisis statistik menggunakan uji Chi-square dan Fisher exact, serta perhitungan Odds Ratio (OR) dengan interval kepercayaan 95%.

Gangguan neurosensori ditemukan pada 11 subjek (22%), dengan kejadian lebih tinggi pada kelompok GA dibandingkan LA, yaitu 36?n 8% (p=0,037). Gangguan pada NAI terjadi pada 28% kelompok GA dan 4% kelompok LA (p=0,049), sedangkan gangguan pada NL masing-masing 8?n 4% (p=1,000). Gangguan pada CT hanya ditemukan pada kelompok GA sebesar 4%.

Analisis menunjukkan odontektomi dengan GA memiliki risiko gangguan neurosensori sebesar 6,49 kali lebih tinggi dibandingkan odontektomi dengan LA.

This study aimed to analyze the effect of general anesthesia (GA) and local anesthesia (LA) during mandibular third molar odontectomy on the occurrence of neurosensory disturbances involving the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN), lingual nerve (LN), and chorda tympani (CT).

This prospective study included 50 subjects, consisting of 25 subjects in the GA group and 25 subjects in the LA group. Neurosensory evaluation was performed subjectively and objectively for the IAN and LN using directional brush test, two point discrimination, light touch, and pinprick tests, while CT function was assessed using a gustatory perception test. Statistical analysis was performed using Chisquare and Fisher’s exact tests, and the association was expressed as Odds Ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval.

Neurosensory disturbances were found in 11 subjects (22%), with a higher incidence in the GA group than in the LA group (36% vs. 8%, p=0.037). IAN disturbance occurred in 28% of the GA group and 4% of the LA group (p=0.049), whereas LN disturbance occurred in 8% and 4% of the subjects, respectively (p=1.000). CT disturbance was found only in the GA group (4%). 

The analysis showed that odontectomy performed under GA had a 6.49-fold higher risk of neurosensory disturbance compared with odontectomy performed under LA.

Kata Kunci : odontektomi molar ketiga mandibula, anestesi umum, gangguan neurosensori, nervus alveolaris inferior, nervus lingualis, chorda tympani