Mengurai Fenomena Klitih Melalui Perspektif Collaborative Governance: Studi Kasus di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

Dewi Okta Pusparini, Dr. Subando Agus Margono, M. Si

2026 | Tesis | MAGISTER MANAJEMEN DAN KEBIJAKAN PUBLIK

Fenomena klitih di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta berkembang menjadi persoalan sosial yang melibatkan berbagai aktor, seperti sekolah, Dinas Pendidikan, Pemuda, dan Olahraga (Dinas Dikpora), Balai Pendidikan Menengah (Balai Dikmen), dan kepolisian. Kompleksitas permasalahan tersebut menunjukkan bahwa penanganan klitih tidak dapat dilakukan secara sektoral, melainkan memerlukan pendekatan collaborative governance. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pelaksanaan collaborative governance dalam penanganan klitih di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta serta mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang menghambat efektivitas kolaborasi antaraktor.

Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi terhadap aktor-aktor yang terlibat dalam penanganan klitih, yaitu sekolah, Balai Dikmen, Dinas Dikpora DIY, dan Kepolisian Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Analisis data dilakukan melalui tahapan reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan simpulan.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa collaborative governance dalam penanganan klitih di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta belum berjalan secara optimal. Kolaborasi antaraktor masih didominasi oleh koordinasi administratif dan bersifat reaktif ketika terjadi kasus tertentu. Perbedaan cara pandang antaraktor dalam mendefinisikan klitih menyebabkan belum terbentuknya shared understanding dan strategi penanganan bersama. Selain itu, proses trust building antaraktor masih lemah karena hubungan yang terbangun lebih bersifat vertikal berbasis pelaporan dibandingkan hubungan horizontal yang kolaboratif. Sekolah memiliki peran penting dalam deteksi dini dan pembinaan siswa, sementara kepolisian lebih berfokus pada penegakan hukum. Namun, berbagai pendekatan tersebut belum terintegrasi dalam satu sistem penanganan yang berkelanjutan.

Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa kegagalan collaborative governance dalam penanganan klitih tidak hanya disebabkan oleh lemahnya koordinasi teknis, tetapi juga oleh belum terbentuknya pemahaman bersama, kepercayaan antaraktor, serta mekanisme kolaborasi yang terinstitusionalisasi. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan penguatan forum kolaborasi lintas sektor, sistem data terpadu, serta integrasi pendekatan preventif dan represif agar penanganan klitih dapat dilakukan secara lebih komprehensif dan berkelanjutan.

 

The phenomenon of klitih in the Special Region of Yogyakarta has developed into a social problem involving multiple actors, including schools, the Department of Education, Youth, and Sports (Dinas Dikpora), the Secondary Education Office (Balai Dikmen), and the police. The complexity of the issue indicates that klitih cannot be addressed through a sectoral approach alone, but requires a collaborative governance approach. This study aims to analyze the implementation of collaborative governance in handling klitih in the Special Region of Yogyakarta and to identify the factors that hinder effective collaboration among stakeholders.

This study employed a qualitative method with a case study approach. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation involving actors engaged in handling klitih, namely schools, Balai Dikmen, Dinas Dikpora DIY, and the Regional Police of Yogyakarta. Data analysis was conducted through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing.

The findings show that collaborative governance in handling klitih in the Special Region of Yogyakarta has not been implemented optimally. Collaboration among actors is still dominated by administrative coordination and tends to be reactive when incidents occur. Differences in perspectives among stakeholders in defining klitih have hindered the formation of shared understanding and collective handling strategies. In addition, the process of trust building among actors remains weak because interactions are still dominated by vertical reporting relationships rather than horizontal collaborative relationships. Schools play an important role in early detection and student guidance, while the police mainly focus on law enforcement. However, these approaches have not yet been integrated into a sustainable handling system.

This study concludes that the failure of collaborative governance in handling klitih is not merely caused by weak technical coordination, but also by the absence of shared understanding, inter-actor trust, and institutionalized collaborative mechanisms. Therefore, strengthening cross-sector collaborative forums, integrated data systems, and the integration of preventive and repressive approaches are necessary to create a more comprehensive and sustainable response to klitih.

Kata Kunci : collaborative governance, klitih, trust building, shared understanding, juvenile violence