Studi pengaruh kawat penghubung arester pada kualitas perlindungan peralatan sistem distribusi tenaga listrik

SALAMENA, Vicky, Ir. T. Haryono, M.Sc.,CEng.,MIEE

2005 | Tesis | S2 Teknik Elektro

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh panjang kawat penghubung arester terhadap kualitas sistem proteksi di saluran distribusi dari tegangan lebih akibat surja petir. Penelitian dilakukan dengan analisis teoritis menggunakakan model arester IEEE W. G. 3.4.11 yaitu jenis metal oxide arrester dan dihitung untuk tegangan sistem 20kV, selanjutnya dengan model ini dilakukan simulasi menggunakan program matlab sehingga diperoleh arus dan tegangan pelepasan arester untuk menghitung jatuh tegangan pada kawat hubung arester. Simulasi yang dilakukan untuk mendapatkan bentuk transien dari tegangan pelepasan arester. Kualitas sistem proteksi saluran distribusi diidentifikasi dari perubahan margin proteksi akibat penambahan tegangan pelepasan arester pada kawat hubung arester. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kenaikan tegangan pelepasan arester sebanding dengan panjang kawat hubung arester, untuk kawat dengan panjang 1m menaikan tegangan sebesar 1kV, selanjutnya akan menurunkan persentase margin proteksi sebesar 0,67% dari margin yang dihitung pada tegangan pelepasan di terminal arester. Mengecilnya nilai persentase margin proteksi menurunkan menurunkan kualitas sistem proteksi terhadap surja petir di saluran distribusi

The aim of this research was to study the effect of arrester lead length to the quality of protection system on distribution line due to excess over-voltages caused by lightning surge. The research was conducted by theoretical analysis using IEEE W.G. 3.4.11 a arrester model that was a type of metal oxide (ZnO) arrester and was calculated for system voltage of 20kV. This model was conducted a simulation using the Matlab Program so that current and voltage of arrester obtained discharge to calculate the voltage drop on arrester lead wire. The purpose of simulation was to get the transient from arrester discharge voltage. The quality of protection system of distribution line was identified from protection margin changes caused by the increase of arrester discharge voltage on connective point to line. The result of this research indicated that the increase of arrester discharge voltage was proportional to the length of arrester lead wire, which length of 1m having the voltage of 1kV, and than it should decrease the percentage of protection margin by 0,67% from discharge voltage in arrester terminal. The decreasing in the value of protection margin percentage was making the by means of the creased of the quality of protection system under lightning surge in distribution line.

Kata Kunci : Tenaga Listrik,Sistem Distribusi,Margin Proteksi,Kawat Hubung Arester,arrester lead wire, arrester discharge voltage, protection margin