Pengaruh Durasi dan Tekanan Shot Peening Terhadap Sifat Mekanis, Ketahanan Aus, dan Ketahanan Korosi Material Stainless Steel 403 Untuk Aplikasi Wearing Ring Turbin Air PLTA: Studi Kasus di PLTA Bakaru
MOH. ANWAR RAHMAN, Dr. Eng. Ir. Priyo Tri Iswanto S.T., M.Eng., IPM
2026 | Tesis | S2 Teknik Mesin
The wearing ring is a critical component in hydroelectric power plant turbines, serving to maintain flow efficiency and protect the primary turbine components from wear. At the Bakaru Hydroelectric Power Plant, the wearing ring has experienced performance degradation due to continuous wear during long-term operation. This condition may reduce turbine reliability and increase the risk of operational failures. Surface treatment is one of the most effective approaches for improving the mechanical performance of engineering materials. This study aims to investigate the effects of shot peening duration and peening pressure on the mechanical properties, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance of SUS 403 stainless steel used as a wearing ring material for hydro turbine applications.
SUS 403 stainless steel, obtained from an actual wearing ring of a hydro turbine, was used as the test material in this study. The surface treatment was performed using the shot peening process with treatment durations of 0, 10, 20, and 30 minutes, combined with compressor pressures of 8 and 12 bar. Spherical stainless steel shots with a diameter of 0.6 mm were projected onto the specimen surface at a stand-off distance of 60 mm and an impingement angle of 90 degree. An experimental research approach was employed, incorporating chemical composition analysis, tensile testing, microstructural characterization, hardness testing, wear testing, and corrosion testing.
The results demonstrate that increasing the shot peening duration and pressure significantly enhances the surface hardness, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance of SUS 403 stainless steel. The surface hardness increased from 181.45 HVN for the untreated material to 233.91 HVN after shot peening for 30 minutes at a pressure of 12 bar. The specific wear decreased from 0.00114 mm³/kg.m for the untreated material to 0.0000411 mm³/kg.m following shot peening under the same processing conditions. Likewise, the corrosion rate was reduced from 0.358 mpy to 0.133 mpy after shot peening for 30 minutes at 12 bar. These findings indicate that shot peening is an effective surface engineering technique for improving the mechanical and corrosion performance of AISI 403 stainless steel, thereby extending the service life and operational reliability of hydro turbine wearing rings.
Kata Kunci : Stainless steel, shot peening, kekerasan, aus, korosi, wearing ring