Barriers to Implementation of Renewable Energy Policy: A Study of Presidential Regulation No. 112/2022 on the Acceleration of Renewable Energy Development for Electricity Supply

Dimas Dianando Raynard Putra Rumopa, Dr. Yuli Isnadi, S.I.P., MPA.

2026 | Skripsi | ILMU ADMINISTRASI NEGARA (MANAJEMEN DAN KEBIJAKAN PUBLIK)

Indonesia seeks to accelerate renewable energy deployment to achieve its national energy transition targets. Despite the enactment of Presidential Regulation No. 112/2022, which introduced a more renewable energy–oriented electricity procurement framework than previous regulations, progress toward these targets has remained limited. This study examines why Presidential Regulation No. 112/2022 has been unable to significantly improve renewable energy deployment in Indonesia. The research employs a qualitative approach, using the AKTESP framework as a guiding analytical lens to synthesize and interpret evidence from a narrative review of the literature. The findings reveal a mismatch between the policy design of Presidential Regulation No. 112/2022 and the broader institutional and structural context in which it operates. Rather than addressing the underlying conditions that sustain fossil fuel dependence, the regulation seeks to promote renewable energy within an energy system characterized by entrenched coal lock-in and coal-induced disadvantages that undermine the competitiveness of renewable energy. These reinforcing dynamics create a self-sustaining feedback loop that perpetuates the existing energy regime and limits the effectiveness of renewable energy policies. The study concludes that accelerating renewable energy deployment in Indonesia requires not only policy innovations that directly support renewable energy, but also comprehensive reforms that dismantle the structural advantages afforded to fossil fuels. By emphasizing the interaction between policy design and systemic conditions, this study contributes to the literature on energy transition governance and highlights the importance of addressing structural barriers alongside renewable energy policy reform.

Indonesia seeks to accelerate renewable energy deployment to achieve its national energy transition targets. Despite the enactment of Presidential Regulation No. 112/2022, which introduced a more renewable energy–oriented electricity procurement framework than previous regulations, progress toward these targets has remained limited. This study examines why Presidential Regulation No. 112/2022 has been unable to significantly improve renewable energy deployment in Indonesia. The research employs a qualitative approach, using the AKTESP framework as a guiding analytical lens to synthesize and interpret evidence from a narrative review of the literature. The findings reveal a mismatch between the policy design of Presidential Regulation No. 112/2022 and the broader institutional and structural context in which it operates. Rather than addressing the underlying conditions that sustain fossil fuel dependence, the regulation seeks to promote renewable energy within an energy system characterized by entrenched coal lock-in and coal-induced disadvantages that undermine the competitiveness of renewable energy. These reinforcing dynamics create a self-sustaining feedback loop that perpetuates the existing energy regime and limits the effectiveness of renewable energy policies. The study concludes that accelerating renewable energy deployment in Indonesia requires not only policy innovations that directly support renewable energy, but also comprehensive reforms that dismantle the structural advantages afforded to fossil fuels. By emphasizing the interaction between policy design and systemic conditions, this study contributes to the literature on energy transition governance and highlights the importance of addressing structural barriers alongside renewable energy policy reform.

Kata Kunci : Renewable Energy, Energy Transition, Coal Lock-In, Electricity Sector, Energy Policy