Ketahanan Distribusi Pangan dalam Perspektif Keamanan Non-Tradisional: Analisis Resiliensi Pedagang Pasar Jailolo terhadap Gangguan Distribusi Pangan di Wilayah 3T Provinsi Maluku Utara

Yusni Muhamad Ali, Prof. Dr. Dafri Agussalim, M.A.; Dr. Sudrajat, MP

2026 | Tesis | S2 Ketahanan Nasional

Gangguan distribusi pangan di wilayah terdepan, terluar, dan tertinggal (3T) berpotensi memengaruhi kemampuan pedagang dalam menjaga kontinuitas penyediaan pangan bagi masyarakat. Kondisi tersebut menjadi penting di Pasar Rakyat Jailolo, Kabupaten Halmahera Barat, Provinsi Maluku Utara yang sebagian besar pasokan pangannya bergantung pada distribusi antarpulau. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kondisi ketahanan pangan pedagang Pasar Rakyat Jailolo saat menghadapi gangguan distribusi pangan, mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang membentuk kondisi tersebut, serta menganalisis strategi resiliensi pedagang dalam memitigasi ancaman keamanan non-tradisional.

Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan mixed methods dengan desain sequential explanatory. Data kuantitatif diperoleh melalui survey terhadap 35 pedagang pangan tetap di Pasar Rakyat Jailolo dan dianalisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif berdasarkan dimensi availability, stability, dan access. Selanjutnya, data kualitatif diperoleh melalui wawancara mendalam dengan pedagang, distributor, pengelola pasar, dan pemerintah daerah, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan model analisis interaktif Miles, Huberman, dan Saldaña untuk menjelaskan serta memperdalam hasil analisis kuantitatif.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi ketahanan distribusi pangan pedagang Pasar Rakyat Jailolo masih berada pada kondisi rentan, terutama pada dimensi stability dan access. Kondisi tersebut dipengaruhi oleh enam faktor utama, yaitu kondisi cuaca dan oseanografi, keterbatasan sarana transportasi laut, infrastruktur pelabuhan, keandalan jadwal pelayaran, ketersediaan pasokan, dan biaya distribusi. Meskipun demikian, pedagang mampu mempertahankan kontinuitas penyediaan komoditas pangan melalui strategi redundancy, buffer capacity, flexibility, self-organization, dan adaptive capacity. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa penguatan resiliensi pedagang berperan penting dalam menjaga kontinuitas penyediaan pangan dan berkontribusi dalam memitigasi berkembangnya gangguan distribusi menjadi ancaman terhadap human security di wilayah 3T.

Food distribution disruptions in Indonesia’s frontier, outermost, and disadvantaged (3T) regions can undermine traders’ ability to maintain a continuous food supply for local communities. This issue is particularly significant in the Jailolo People’s Market, West Halmahera Regency, North Maluku Province, where most food commodities depend on inter-island distribution. This study aims to examine the food security conditions of market traders during food distribution disruptions, identify the factors shaping these conditions, and analyse traders’ resilience strategies in mitigating non-traditional security threats.

This study employed a sequential explanatory mixed-methods design. Quantitative data were collected through a survey of 35 permanent food traders and analysed using descriptive statistics based on the dimensions of food availability, stability, and access. Qualitative data were obtained through in-depth interviews with traders, distributors, market managers, and local government officials, and analysed using the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña to explain and enrich the quantitative findings.

The findings indicate that the food distribution resilience of traders at Jailolo People’s Market remains vulnerable, particularly in the dimensions of stability and access. This condition is influenced by six key factors: weather and oceanographic conditions, limited maritime transportation facilities, port infrastructure, the reliability of shipping schedules, supply availability, and distribution costs. Despite these challenges, traders have been able to maintain the continuity of food commodity supply through strategies of redundancy, buffer capacity, flexibility, self-organization, and adaptive capacity. This study concludes that strengthening traders’ resilience plays a crucial role in maintaining the continuity of food distribution and contributes to mitigating the escalation of distribution disruptions into threats to human security in Indonesia’s disadvantaged, frontier, and outermost (3T) regions.

Kata Kunci : ketahanan pangan, keamanan non-tradisional, resiliensi, distribusi pangan, wilayah 3T