Efisiensi NPK Sintetik Melalui Pemberian POC Limbah Buah Dominasi Nanas terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Produksi Tanaman Bayam (Amaranthus sp)

Muhammad Naufal Ridwan, Siti Nurul Rofiqo Irwan, S.P, M.Agr, Ph.D

2026 | Tesis | S2 Agronomi

NPK sintetik banyak digunakan sebagai suplai hara dalam budidaya tanaman. Selain karena mudah didapat, pupuk ini memberikan hasil yang cukup instan. Akan tetapi dibalik hasil instan pupuk NPK sintetik memberikan dampak buruk bagi agroekosistem sekitar maka perlu bahan organik lain untuk membantu menyeimbangkan kondisi lingkungan sekitar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengurangi penggunaan NPK sintetik melalui penambahan POC. Selain itu mengetahui komposisi terbaik dominasi limbah buah nanas terhadap beberapa jenis limbah buah lainnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dua faktor diantaranya dosis NPK 0 g/tanaman, 2,5 g/tanaman, 5 g/tanaman, dan 7,5 g/tanaman serta POC dominasi nanas 10%, 30?n 50%. Adapun beberapa parameter penelitian meliputi tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, jumlah daun, luas daun, luas akar, berat segar daun, berat segar batang, berat segar akar, berat kering daun, berat kering batang, berat kering akar, dan lebar bukaan stomata. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kombinasi dosis NPK dan dominasi limbah buah nanas pada POC dominasi nanas 30% memberikan dampak terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman.  Penekanan penggunaan NPK sintetik melalui penambahan bahan organik terbukti pada parameter tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, jumlah daun, luas daun, berat segar batang, berat kering batang, Hal itu dapat dilihat dari perlakuan NPK yang dapat ditekan hingga dosis NPK 0 g melalui pemberian bahan organik memberikan hasil terbaik terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman bayam. Selain itu pemberian perlakuan dosis NPK 5 gram dan POC dominasi 30% memberikan hasil terbaik pada parameter berat segar akar, berat kering daun, berat kering akar, lebar bukaan stomata, klorofil A, klorofil B dan klorofil total pada tanaman bayam.

Synthetic NPK fertiliser is widely used as a source of nutrients in crop cultivation. As well as being readily available, this fertiliser delivers fairly immediate results. However, whilst offering immediate results, synthetic NPK fertiliser has a detrimental impact on the surrounding agroecosystem; therefore, other organic materials are required to help balance the local environmental conditions. This study aims to reduce the use of synthetic NPK through the addition of POC. Furthermore, to determine the optimal composition of pineapple waste as the dominant component in relation to several other types of fruit waste. This study employed a two-factor randomised block design, comprising NPK application rates of 0 g/plant, 2.5 g/plant, 5 g/plant and 7.5 g/plant, and pineapple-dominant POC at 10%, 30% and 50%. The research parameters included plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, root area, fresh weight of leaves, fresh weight of stems, fresh weight of roots, dry weight of leaves, dry weight of stems, dry weight of roots, and stomatal aperture width. The results showed that the combination of NPK dosage and pineapple waste dominance at a 30 per cent pineapple-dominated POC had an impact on plant growth. The reduction in the use of synthetic NPK through the addition of organic matter was evident in the parameters of plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, fresh stem weight and dry stem weight. This can be seen from the NPK treatment, where the NPK dose could be reduced to 0 g through the application of organic matter, yielding the best results for spinach plant growth. Furthermore, the application of a 5-gram NPK dose combined with a 30% pineapple-dominated POC yielded the best results for the parameters of fresh root weight, dry leaf weight, dry root weight, stomatal aperture width, chlorophyll A, chlorophyll B and total chlorophyll in spinach plants.

Kata Kunci : NPK dose, pineapple-dominated POC, spinach (Amaranthus sp)