Perubahan Status, Peran, dan Interaksi Sosial Warga dalam Pariwisata Budaya di Kampung Batik Laweyan

Angeline Louisabethania, Prof. Dr. Muhammad Baiquni, M.A; Dr. Dyah Titisari Widyastuti, S.T., MUDD.

2026 | Tesis | S2 Magister Kajian Pariwisata

Indonesia merupakan negara yang kaya akan warisan budaya, salah satunya batik. Batik dikenal di berbagai wilayah khususnya di Kampung Batik Laweyan, Surakarta. Kampung Batik Laweyan sebagai kawasan industri batik terus mengalami perkembangan. Dalam penelitian ini, periodisasi perkembangan Kampung Batik Laweyan terbagi dalam tiga periode, yaitu periode akhir kejayaan industri batik (1960-an hingga awal 1970-an), penurunan industri batik (1970-an hingga awal 2000-an), dan kebangkitan sebagai kawasan wisata (2004 hingga sekarang). Kondisi kawasan di setiap periode berbeda sehingga memengaruhi status, peran, dan interaksi sosial warga masyarakat. Tujuan penelitian untuk menganalisis perubahan status, peran, dan interaksi sosial warga masyarakat di Kampung Batik Laweyan serta faktor pendorong dan penghambatnya. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan metode studi pustaka, studi dokumentasi, observasi, dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perkembangan Kampung Batik Laweyan dari kampung industri sebagai destinasi pariwisata budaya mendorong perubahan status, peran, dan interaksi sosial warga. Status warga Laweyan bergeser dari juragan dan pekerja batik menjadi lebih beragam. Pada periode kedua mulai muncul status lain sebagai pelaku usaha batik, konveksi, kuliner, wedding venue dan katering. Kemudian pada periode berikutnya lebih beragam seperti usaha suvenir, akomodasi, dan pengelolaan lingkungan. Peran sebagai pengelola usaha batik dan tenaga inti produksi batik beralih melayani pelanggan dan wisatawan, memikirkan arah usaha, promosi, mengadakan lokakarya. Selain itu, terdapat pergeseran status ekonomi dari ekonomi barang ke jasa wisata, perubahan peran gender, serta adanya keterlibatan pendatang dan investor. Interaksi sosial turut berubah dari hubungan berbasis produksi batik menjadi interaksi wisata, usaha, dan kelembagaan yang lebih kompleks. Interaksi sosial asosiatif yang paling kuat adalah kerja sama sedangkan interaksi sosial disosiatif paling kuat adalah persaingan. Perubahan ini didorong oleh perubahan pasar, teknologi printing, krisis ekonomi, pariwisata, kebijakan, pemasaran, inovasi, pelatihan, dan pendampingan, tetapi tetap dihambat oleh keterampilan turun-temurun, reputasi batik, solidaritas pengusaha, keterlibatan warga yang belum merata, lemahnya regenerasi, dan keterbatasan modal.

Indonesia is a country rich in cultural heritage, one of them is batik. Batik is renowned across various regions, particularly in the Laweyan Batik Village in Surakarta. As a batik industrial area, Laweyan Batik Village has undergone continuous evolution. This study categorizes the village's development into three periods: the late of the batik industry's golden age (1960s to early 1970s), the decline of Batik Industry (1970s to early 2000s), and its revival as a tourism destination (2004 to the present). Conditions within the area varied across these periods, thereby influencing the status, roles, and social interactions of the local residents. The study aims to analyze these changes in status, roles, and social interactions, as well as the driving and inhibiting factors involved. It employs a qualitative research approach utilizing literature reviews, document analysis, observation, and interviews. The findings indicate that the transformation of Laweyan Batik Village from an industrial enclave into a cultural tourism destination has driven changes in residents' status, roles, and social interactions. The status of Laweyan residents shifted from traditional batik enterprise owners and workers to a more diverse range of roles. The second period saw the emergence of roles in batik entrepreneurship, garment manufacturing, the culinary sector, wedding venues and catering services. Subsequent periods brought even greater diversity, including souvenir businesses, accommodation services, and environmental management. Former roles shifted from batik production management and core manufacturing labor to serving customers and tourists, strategic business planning, promotion, and organizing workshops. Furthermore, there was a shift in the economic landscape from a goods-based economy to tourism services, changes in gender roles, and the involvement of newcomers and investors. Social interactions evolved from relationships centered on batik production to more complex interactions involving tourism, business, and institutional engagement. Cooperation emerged as the strongest form of associative social interaction, while competition was the most prominent form of dissociative social interaction. This transformation is driven by shifts in the market, printing technology, economic crises, tourism, policy, marketing, innovation, training, and mentoring, yet it remains hindered by traditional skills passed down through generations, the reputation of batik, entrepreneur solidarity, uneven community involvement, a lack of generational renewal, and limited capital.

Kata Kunci : Pariwisata budaya, peran dan status sosial, interaksi sosial, Kampung Batik Laweyan