Menjembatani Kesenjangan, Membangun Ketahanan: Telaah Implementasi Kebijakan Pembangunan Berketahanan Iklim Sektor Kelautan dan Pesisir Periode 2020-2024 di Indonesia
Fazlur Rahman, Prof. Dr. Torontuan Keban Yeremias, S.U., MURP., Ph.D.
2026 | Tesis | MAGISTER MANAJEMEN DAN KEBIJAKAN PUBLIK
The impact of climate change in Indonesia is projected to erode Gross Domestic Product (GDP) by 4,4% by 2050. The marine and coastal sector accounts for the largest share of these losses, at 74,8%, equivalent to IDR 407,81 trillion. The Government has responded through the Climate Resilience Development (CRD) policy, set out in Presidential Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 18 of 2020 about Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah Nasional (RPJMN) Tahun 2020-2024. This regulation mandates a reduction in potential economic losses from climate hazards in the marine and coastal sector, targeting 0,732% of GDP. However, by the end of the period, the realized reduction reached only 0,338% of GDP, equivalent to 46,22% of the target. This wide gap is reflected in the slowing growth of potential GDP-loss reduction.
This policy paper identifies the underlying causes of this gap through a qualitative approach using the Adaptive Governance Framework (AGF). The method draws on in-depth interviews with 21 cross-sectoral informants and a desk study, with the research locus in Pekalongan City and Regency, Central Java Province, both designated as "Top Priority" CRD areas. Five root causes were identified: weak control mechanisms for CRD policy; unclear metadata and technical measurement methodology; a broken chain of regulation, authority, and literacy regarding CRD at the local level; weak collaboration with and institutionalization of Non-Government Actor (NGA) programs; and the failure to develop community economies alongside infrastructure maladaptation.
To address these problems, four policy alternatives were formulated and assessed using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), based on criteria of technical, economic, political, and administrative feasibility. Community-Based Adaptive Partnership, the fourth alternative (A4), obtained the highest weight (54,6%). This high weight for A4 does not stand alone, however; it incorporates elements of the third alternative (A3) as its underlying foundation. CRD Governance Reform (A3) obtained a weight of 30,7%, Incremental Technical Improvement (A2) obtained 10,4%, and the Status Quo (A1) obtained 4,3%.
This policy paper recommends CRD Governance Reform (A3) as the primary foundation, reinforced by Technical Improvement (A2), before being selectively and gradually integrated with Community-Based Adaptive Partnership (A4). A4 and A3 are not recommended for simultaneous implementation, as doing so risks generating excessive bureaucratic burden that could undermine implementation effectiveness. The recommendation is therefore designed in three phases: Phase I (Years 0-2) builds institutional and governance foundations; Phase II (Years 3-4) strengthens capacity and integration; and Phase III (Years 5-6) expands reach and institutionalizes learning.
Kata Kunci : Pembangunan Berketahanan Iklim, Evaluasi Kebijakan, Kesenjangan Implementasi, Adaptive Governance Framework, Analytical Hierarchy Process