Potensi Tanaman Vetiver Untuk Fitoremediasi Dan Fitomining Pada Media Red Mud Dengan Penambahan Asam Humat Dan Asam Fosfat
Fiqna Chefana Aulya Ferdana Erta Hutama, Prof. Ir. Panut Mulyono M.Eng., D.Eng., IPU ; Ir. Agus Prasetya, M.Eng.Sc., Ph.D.
2026 | Tesis | S2 Teknik Kimia
This study was conducted to address the environmental concern associated with red mud, a major residue generated from the Bayer process in bauxite processing industries. Red mud is characterized by alkaline properties and contains major metals, heavy metals, and Rare Earth Elements (REE), which may pose environmental risks if not properly managed. At the same time, the presence of valuable elements such as cerium (Ce) indicates the potential use of red mud as a secondary resource through phytoremediation and phytomining approaches. This research aimed to evaluate the effects of humic acid and phosphoric acid addition on the growth of vetiver (Chrysopogon zizanioides), changes in red mud media properties, and metal accumulation in plant tissues. The experiment was carried out by growing vetiver in red mud media treated with different combinations of humic acid and phosphoric acid for 65 days. The observed parameters included plant height, number of leaves, number of shoots, media pH, soil organic carbon, biomass, and the concentrations of Mg, Ca, Fe, Al, and Ce in the roots, stems, and leaves. The results showed that the treatment consisting of 2.41 mL phosphoric acid and 5 g humic acid produced the best plant growth response, with a final plant height of 164 cm and biomass of 16.87 g/plant. This treatment also resulted in high Mg and Ca accumulation in the roots, reaching 3,095 mg/kg and 4,785 mg/kg, respectively. Meanwhile, the highest Ce concentration of 1.15 mg/kg was obtained from the treatment of 4.1 mL phosphoric acid and 6 g humic acid. The decrease in media pH from 7.2–7.8 to 6.1–6.7 indicates an improvement in the chemical condition of the red mud during the planting period. Overall, vetiver demonstrated the ability to retain metals mainly in the root system while also translocating certain elements to the aboveground tissues. These findings suggest that the combination of humic acid and phosphoric acid can improve vetiver phytoremediation performance in red mud media, although the optimum treatment for plant growth does not necessarily correspond to the optimum treatment for Ce accumulation.
Kata Kunci : red mud, vetiver, phytoremediation, phytomining, Rare Earth Elements, cerium.