STUDI EKSPERIMENTAL PENGARUH POLA PERMUKAAN BIOMIMETIK DAUN TERHADAP PROSES KONDENSASI DAN PENGARUH GETARAN TERHADAP ATMOSPHERIC WATER HARVESTING
Julio Lukmanul Ardi, Dr. I Made Miasa, S.T., M.Sc; Dr.Eng. Ir.Adhika Widyaparaga, S.T., M.Biomed
2026 | Tesis | S2 Teknik Mesin
Kelangkaan air bersih merupakan permasalahan
global yang semakin mendesak akibat pertumbuhan populasi, perubahan iklim, dan
keterbatasan sumber daya air konvensional. Salah satu solusi berkelanjutan yang
berkembang adalah teknologi atmospheric water harvesting memanfaatkan
uap air di atmosfer melalui proses kondensasi. Efisiensi proses kondensasi
sangat dipengaruhi oleh karakteristik permukaan material serta dinamika
pelepasan droplet dari permukaan kondensor. Penelitian ini bertujuan
untuk mengkaji secara eksperimental pengaruh variasi pola biomimetik daun di
permukaan pelat dan penerapan getaran mekanis terhadap laju kondensasi dan
efektivitas pengumpulan air.
Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan pelat tembaga
vertikal dengan beberapa variasi pola permukaan, baik hidrofilik, hidrofobik,
maupun berpola sudut tertentu. Proses kondensasi berlangsung di dalam condensation
chamber dengan kondisi lingkungan terkontrol, yaitu temperatur permukaan
sekitar 5 °C dan kelembapan relatif 80 ± 5%. Getaran mekanis diterapkan
menggunakan vibration speaker dengan variasi frekuensi tanpa getaran,
frekuensi resonansi, serta frekuensi sapuan pada gelombang square.
Parameter yang diamati meliputi laju massa kondensat, fluks kalor kondensasi,
dan karakteristik pelepasan droplet.
Hasil penelitian
menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi pola permukaan dan penerapan getaran mekanis mampu
mempercepat pelepasan droplet, meningkatkan pembaruan area aktif
kondensasi, serta meningkatkan laju pengumpulan air dibandingkan kondisi tanpa
getaran. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian pola permukaan sudut 60° dengan rekuensi
resonansi menghasilkan jumlah perolehan air kondensat sekitar 74,42%, sedangkan
getaran Sapuan frekuensi meghasilkan peningkatan jumlah perolehan air sebesar
57,14%.
Kata Kunci: kondensasi, pola permukaan, getaran mekanis, atmospheric
water harvesting, dropwise condensation
Global freshwater scarcity has become a
critical challenge due to population growth, climate change, and the depletion
of conventional water resources. Atmospheric water harvesting has emerged as a
promising sustainable solution by utilizing water vapor from ambient air
through condensation processes. The efficiency of condensation-based water
harvesting systems is strongly governed by surface characteristics and the
dynamics of droplet removal from the condenser surface. This study presents an
experimental investigation on the combined effects of biomimetic surface
patterning and mechanical vibration on condensation performance and water
collection efficiency. The experiments were conducted using
vertically oriented copper plates with various surface configurations,
including hydrophilic, hydrophobic, and patterned surfaces with different
inclination angles. Condensation experiments were performed inside a controlled
condensation chamber with surface temperatures maintained at approximately 5 °C
and relative humidity of 80 ± 5%. Mechanical vibration was introduced using a
vibration speaker under three conditions: no vibration, resonant frequency, and
frequency sweep using square wave signals. Key performance indicators evaluated
in this study include condensate mass flux, condensation heat flux, and droplet
detachment behavior. The results of the study indicate that the
combination of surface patterns and the application of mechanical vibration can
accelerate droplet detachment, increase the renewal of the active condensation
area, and enhance the water collection rate compared to conditions without
vibration. Based on the research results, a 60° surface pattern with a
single-frequency vibration yielded approximately 74.42% of condensate water
recovery, while sweep-frequency vibration resulted in a 57.14% increase in
water recovery. Keywords: Atmospheric water harvesting, condensation, surface patterning,
mechanical vibration, droplet dynamics.
Kata Kunci : kondensasi, pola permukaan, getaran mekanis, atmospheric water harvesting, dropwise condensation
