POLICY PAPER POLYCENTRIC GOVERNANCE SEBAGAI MODEL STRATEGI ADAPTASI DALAM TATA KELOLA KETAHANAN PANGAN BERBASIS DESA: STUDI KASUS DI KABUPATEN TAPIN

RAMADHANI, ARIO WICAKSONO, S.IP., M.Si., Ph.D.

2026 | Tesis | MAGISTER MANAJEMEN DAN KEBIJAKAN PUBLIK

Kajian ini merupakan Preliminary Feasibility Study untuk menilai kelayakan penerapan polycentric governance sebagai strategi adaptif dalam memperkuat tata kelola ketahanan pangan berbasis desa di Kabupaten Tapin. Studi ini dilatarbelakangi oleh masih dominannya pendekatan monosentris (top-down) yang menyebabkan koordinasi antaraktor belum optimal, adaptasi lokal terbatas, serta peran BUMDes yang belum dimanfaatkan secara maksimal. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan studi kasus kualitatif melalui observasi, wawancara mendalam, dan telaah dokumen, serta Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) untuk menilai kelayakan politik berdasarkan lima kriteria political feasibility dari Patton. Kajian menghasilkan tiga alternatif kebijakan, di mana hasil AHP menunjukkan alternatif Kesepakatan Politik/Komitmen Aturan Bersama memperoleh bobot prioritas tertinggi (0,387), diikuti alternatif Konsensus Antar Tingkatan (0,355), dan Legitimasi Elite (0,258). Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa keberhasilan tata kelola ketahanan pangan desa lebih ditentukan oleh komitmen kelembagaan melalui aturan bersama daripada dukungan elit politik semata. Oleh karena itu, kajian merekomendasikan penyusunan Peraturan Bupati tentang BUMDes dan pelaksanaan program swasembada pangan sebagai landasan implementasi model polycentric governance.

This study constitutes a Preliminary Feasibility Study to assess the feasibility of implementing polycentric governance as an adaptive strategy for strengthening village-based food security governance in Tapin Regency. The study is motivated by the continued dominance of a monocentric (top-down) approach, which has resulted in suboptimal coordination among actors, limited local adaptation, and an underutilized role for Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes). The research employs a qualitative case study approach through observation, in-depth interviews, and document review, complemented by the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to assess political feasibility based on Patton's five political feasibility criteria. The study identifies three policy alternatives, with the AHP results indicating that the Political Agreement/Shared Rules Commitment alternative received the highest priority weight (0.387), followed by Inter-Level Consensus (0.355) and Elite Legitimacy (0.258). These findings indicate that the success of village-level food security governance is determined more by institutional commitment to shared rules than by political elite support alone. Accordingly, the study recommends the formulation of a Regent Regulation on BUMDes and the implementation of food self-sufficiency programs as the institutional foundation for implementing the polycentric governance model.

Kata Kunci : Polycentric Governance, Ketahanan Pangan, BUMDes, Politicial Feasibility, Analytical Hierarchy Process, Kabupaten Tapin.