Analisis Kuantitatif Kenyamanan Pengendara Sepeda Motor dengan Variasi Suspensi, Pembebanan, Kecepatan, dan Profil Jalan

FADHIL MUHAMMAD BAGASKARA, Dr. Ir. I Made Miasa, S.T., M.Sc.

2026 | Skripsi | TEKNIK MESIN

Sistem suspensi merupakan komponen krusial pada sepeda motor yang berperan penting dalam menjaga kenyamanan, stabilitas, dan keselamatan berkendara, terutama di Indonesia yang jumlah kendaraan roda duanya terus meningkat setiap tahun. Getaran yang diterima tubuh pengendara akibat kondisi jalan yang tidak rata dapat berdampak fisik maupun fisiologis, khususnya jika berada pada rentang frekuensi resonansi tubuh manusia (4-8 Hz). Penelitian ini bertujuan menerapkan metode Vibration Dose Values (VDV) berdasarkan ISO 2631-1 untuk mengevaluasi tingkat kenyamanan sepeda motor dengan suspensi tipe monoshock dan twin shock, menganalisis pengaruh degradasi kemampuan redaman suspensi monoshock, serta mengidentifikasi potensi risiko resonansi berdasarkan frekuensi alami masing-masing konfigurasi suspensi.

Pengujian dilakukan menggunakan tiga objek uji, yaitu sepeda motor Yamaha Vixion 2014 bersuspensi monoshock terdegradasi, Yamaha Vixion 2014 bersuspensi monoshock baru, dan Honda Verza 2014 bersuspensi twin shock, dengan sensor akselerometer berbasis gawai (aplikasi Phyphox) yang dipasang dibawah jok kendaraan. Pengujian dilakukan pada 24 skenario yang merupakan kombinasi tiga kondisi suspensi, empat variasi beban (60, 120, 135, dan 150 kg), dan dua kecepatan (20 dan 30 km/jam), pada lintasan jalan lurus dan speed bump. Data akselerasi vertikal yang diperoleh diolah menggunakan Python untuk mendapatkan nilai VDV, frekuensi alami, serta rasio redaman sistem melalui pendekatan model Single Degree of Freedom (SDOF) dan metode logarithmic decrement.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai VDV berkisar antara 2,70 hingga 25,70 m/s1,75, dengan suspensi twin shock secara konsisten menghasilkan tingkat kenyamanan terbaik dibandingkan monoshock, terutama pada pengujian speed bump. Suspensi monoshock yang terdegradasi menghasilkan VDV 13 - 26% lebih tinggi dibandingkan suspensi baru, dengan perbedaan yang lebih signifikan pada kondisi getaran impulsif (speed bump) dibandingkan getaran kontinu (jalan lurus). Frekuensi alami sistem berkisar antara 1,84 hingga 9,21 Hz, dan beberapa konfigurasi berada pada rentang 4 - 8 Hz yang berpotensi menimbulkan risiko resonansi pada tubuh pengendara. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan pembatasan kecepatan saat melintasi speed bump serta perawatan berkala komponen suspensi monoshock guna menjaga kenyamanan dan keselamatan berkendara.

The suspension system is a critical component of motorcycles that plays an important role in maintaining riding comfort, stability, and safety, particularly in Indonesia where the number of two-wheeled vehicles continues to increase rapidly every year. Vibration transmitted to the rider's body due to uneven road surfaces can cause both physical and physiological effects, especially when it falls within the human body's resonance frequency range (4 - 8 Hz). This study aims to apply the Vibration Dose Value (VDV) method based on ISO 2631-1 to evaluate the comfort level of motorcycles equipped with monoshock and twin-shock suspension, to analyze the effect of damping degradation in monoshock suspension, and to identify the potential resonance risk based on the natural frequency of each suspension configuration.

Testing was conducted using three test objects: a 2014 Yamaha Vixion with degraded monoshock suspension, a 2014 Yamaha Vixion with new monoshock suspension, and a 2014 Honda Verza with twin-shock suspension, using a smartphone-based accelerometer sensor (Phyphox application) mounted beneath the seat. Tests were carried out across 24 scenarios, combining three suspension conditions, four load variations (60, 120, 135, and 150 kg), and two speeds (20 and 30 km/h), on both straight-road and speed-bump tracks. The resulting vertical acceleration data were processed using Python to determine VDV values, natural frequency, and the system's damping ratio through a Single Degree of Freedom (SDOF) model approach and the logarithmic decrement method.

The results show that VDV values ranged from 2.70 to 25.70 m/s1,75, with twin-shock suspension consistently providing the best comfort level compared to monoshock, particularly during speed-bump testing. Degraded monoshock suspension produced VDV values 13 to 26% higher than new suspension, with a more significant difference under impulsive vibration conditions (speed bump) than continuous vibration (straight road). The system's natural frequency ranged from 1.84 to 9.21 Hz, with several configurations falling within the 4 - 8 Hz range, indicating a potential resonance risk to the rider's body. This study recommends limiting speed when crossing speed bumps and performing regular maintenance on monoshock suspension components to maintain riding comfort and safety.

Kata Kunci : kenyamanan berkendara, suspensi sepeda motor, Vibration Dose Values, ISO 2631-1, frekuensi alami