Optimasi Perencanaan Jalur Transmisi Saluran Udara Tegangan Tinggi 150 kV Berbasis Geographic Information System Menggunakan Metode Hybrid Algoritma A-Star dan Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II

Hario Surya Pratama, Arief Setiawan Budi Nugroho, S.T., M.Eng., Ph.D.; Ir. Akhmad Aminullah, S.T., M.T., Ph.D., IPU.

2026 | Tesis | S2 Teknik Sipil

Pembangunan jalur transmisi SUTT 150 kV menuntut perencanaan rute yang cepat, presisi, dan efisien. Tantangan geografis berupa topografi dan zona terlarang seperti kawasan hutan lindung memerlukan mitigasi ketat untuk menghindari dampak ekosistem. Metode yang lazim digunakan cenderung memakan waktu dan rentan terhadap subjektivitas perencana. Maka dari itu, penelitian ini bertujuan membangun kerangka kerja otomatisasi perencanaan jalur transmisi melalui integrasi Geographic Information System (GIS) dan algoritma optimasi metaheuristik guna menghasilkan keputusan jalur yang optimal.

Proses optimasi menggunakan data Digital Elevation Model (DEM) serta shapefile jaringan jalan, aliran sungai, dan batas kawasan hutan yang diselaraskan pada proyeksi WGS 84 / UTM Zona 50S. Algoritma A-Star digunakan sebagai pemandu navigasi untuk membangkitkan populasi awal jalur dasar bebas rintangan. Jalur tersebut selanjutnya dievolusikan secara multi-objektif menggunakan algoritma Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) untuk meminimalkan panjang lintasan, total berat struktur tower, dan jarak tapak tower ke jalan akses. Evaluasi kelayakan mengintegrasikan indeks spasial STRtree untuk deteksi secara instan serta batasan rekayasa ketat berupa jarak bebas vertikal minimum kabel (clearance) 13,5 meter dan bentangan antar tower maksimum 350 meter.

Hasil pengujian menunjukkan algoritma mencapai konvergensi stabil pada generasi ke-200 dengan nilai Hypervolume 1 x 10^16 dan mengekstraksi empat jalur alternatif pada Pareto Front. Berdasarkan analisis finansial teknik pasca-optimasi, Jalur Alternatif 4 ditetapkan sebagai rekomendasi keputusan terbaik karena menghasilkan estimasi total biaya konstruksi paling ekonomis senilai Rp 200.983.958.120,-. Integrasi pendekatan geospasial dan metaheuristik ini disimpulkan sangat efektif mentransformasikan tahapan desain infrastruktur kelistrikan yang rumit menjadi sistem pengambilan keputusan yang komprehensif, terukur, dan memenuhi standar operasional PT PLN (Persero).

The construction of a 150 kV high-voltage overhead transmission line (SUTT) demands route planning that is rapid, precise, and efficient. Geographical challenges arising from topography and restricted zones such as protected forest areas call for stringent mitigation to avoid disturbing local ecosystems. Conventional methods tend to be time-consuming and susceptible to planner subjectivity. This study therefore seeks to develop an automated framework for transmission line planning by integrating a Geographic Information System (GIS) with a metaheuristic optimization algorithm, with the aim of producing an optimal routing decision.

The optimization process draws on Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data together with shapefiles of the road network, river flows, and forest area boundaries, all harmonized under the WGS 84 / UTM Zone 50S projection. The A-Star algorithm serves as a navigational guide to generate an initial population of obstacle-free baseline routes. These routes are subsequently evolved through a multi-objective procedure using the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) to minimize path length, total tower structure weight, and the distance from tower footprints to access roads. The feasibility evaluation incorporates an STRtree spatial index for instantaneous detection, alongside strict engineering constraints comprising a minimum vertical cable clearance of 13.5 meters and a maximum inter-tower span of 350 meters.

The test results show that the algorithm attains stable convergence by the 200th generation, yielding a Hypervolume of 1 × 10^16 and extracting four alternative routes along the Pareto Front. Based on a post-optimization engineering-economic analysis, Alternative Route 4 is identified as the recommended optimal decision, as it produces the most economical total construction cost estimate of IDR 200.983.958.120,-. The integration of geospatial and metaheuristic approaches is thus concluded to be highly effective in transforming the complex design stages of electrical infrastructure into a decision-making system that is comprehensive, measurable, and compliant with the operational standards of PT PLN (Persero).

Kata Kunci : Optimasi, GIS, A-Star, NSGA-II, Pareto Front