Biodiversitas Artropoda pada pertanaman padi organik dan non organik di desa Caturharjo Kabupaten Bantul

LIHAWA, Mohamad, Dr.Ir. Witjaksono, M.Sc

2005 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Hama Tumbuhan

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari biodiversitas artropoda pada ekosistem padi organik dan non organik. Penelitian dilaksanakan mulai bulan Nopember 2004 sampai Februari 2005 di Desa Caturharjo, Kecamatan Pandak Kabupaten Bantul Yogyakarta. Padi organik dibudidayakan dengan pupuk organik (kotoran sapi dan kotoran burung puyuh) yang diberikan sebelum tanam dan tanpa penyemprotan insektisida kimia sintetik, sedangkan padi non organik diberi pupuk kimia sintetik N,P dan K dan disemprot insektisida BPMC sebanyak 5 kali sejak umur 14 hst dengan interval 14 hari. Varietas padi yang digunakan adalah varietas lokal Pandan Wangi. Petak organik dan non organik masing-masing seluas 1100 m2 dibagi dalam 24 sub-plot. Pengamatan dilakukan pada 3 sub-plot dengan sampel 20 rumpun yang diambil secara acak pada garis diagonal menggunakan alat penghisap serangga D-Vac Suction Machine. Pengamatan dilakukan dengan interval 10 hari. Artropoda yang terkumpul diidentifikasi dan dikelompokkan berdasarkan fungsi yaitu hama, predator, parasitoid, pengurai dan serangga lain. Biodiversitas artropoda dianalisis dengan menggunakan indeks diversitas Shannon-Weaver (H’) yang dilanjutkan uji t. Pada ekosistem padi organik terdiri atas hama 22%, pemangsa 39%, parasitoid 4%, pengurai 18% dan serangga lain 17% dengan total 96 spesies, sedangkan pada non organik hama 24%, pemangsa 31%, parasitoid 1%, pengurai 41% dan serangga lain 3% dengan total 77 spesies. Indeks diversitas (H') pada padi organik adalah 1,6-3,4 dan non organik 1,4-2,8. Tingginya biodiversitas artropoda di petak oganik karena ditemukannya beberapa famili seperti Agromyzidae, Syrphidae, Drynidae, Pipunculidae, Platystomatidae, Scydmaenidae, Longchaeidae, Simulidae dan Lepismatidae dan tidak ditemukan di padi non organik. Rata-rata jumlah jenis (N0) pada padi organik 41,0 berbeda nyata dengan padi non organik 34,3. Hal ini disebabkan karena adanya aplikasi insektisida BPMC di padi non organik secara terjadwal, tidak hanya membunuh spesies tertentu tetapi juga menurunkan populasi masing-masing spesies.

The aim of this research was to study the biodiversity of arthropod in the organic and non organic rice ecosystem. The research was carried from November 2004 until February 2005 in Catur Harjo village, the district of Bantul, Yogyakarta. The organic fertilizers was applied before planting for the organic rice, and no chemical insecticide was applied. On the other land, the non organic rice was treated with N, P, and K fertilizers. In addition, application of BPMC was used regularly with an interval of 14 days. Local variety (Pandan Wangi) was used in this study. The plot size from the organic and non organic was 1100 m2 each, and the plot was devided into 24 sub-plots. Every observation was carried out in three sub-plots by taking 20 samples randomly throught the diagonal line. Artrhropods were collected using D-Vac Suction Machine. Collected arthropods were identificated and grouped into pest, predator, parasitoid, decomposer, and other insects. The data was analyzed using Shannon-Weaver index diversity (H’) continued with t-test. Ninety six species of arthropds were found in the organic rice ecosystem, consisting of pests 22%, predators 39%, parasitoids 4%, decomposers 18% and other insects 17%. In contrast, only 77 species of arthropods were found in the non organic rice ecosystem composing of pests 24%, predators 31%, parasitoids 1%, decomposers 41% and other insects 3%. The diversity index (H’) in the organic rice ranged from 1.6 to 3.4 and in the non-organic 1.4-2.8. The families of Agromyzidae, Syrphidae, Drynidae, Pipunculidae, Platystomatidae, Scydmaenidae, Longchaeidae, Simulidae and Lepismatidae were only found in the organic rice. The differences in the biodiversity was mainly due to BPMC insecticide applications which not only killed a few species of arthropods but also reduced the population of exciting species.

Kata Kunci : Padi organik, Biodiversitas, Artropoda, Organic rice, biodiversity, arthropods