Analisis efisiensi usahatani padi sawah di sub distrik Maliana distrik Bobonaro, Timor Leste

SALSINHA, Jose Nelson, Prof.Dr.Ir. Sri Widodo, M.Sc

2005 | Tesis | S2 Ekonomi Pertanian

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemanfaatan faktor produksi, efisiensi teknis, efisiensi alokatif dan pengaruh faktor sosial ekonomi maupun faktor teknis budidaya terhadap Technical efficiency rate (TER) maupun terhadap Peningkatan produksi padi sawah. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada musim panen 2004 di sub distrik Maliana distrik Bobonaro, Timor - Leste dengan metode survei yang dipilih secara sengaja atau purporsive sampling dan data diambil dari 90 petani responden secara random sampling. Dari analisis pengaruh input terhadap produksi padi sawah menunjukkan bahwa luas lahan, jumlah benih, pupuk Urea, pupuk TSP, tenaga kerja luar, tenaga kerja dalam keluarga dan variabel manajemen berpengaruh terhadap produksi karena walaupun semua input cukup tersedia namun tanpa pengelolaan yang baik maka usaha yang dilakukan belum tentu akan memberikan hasil yang maksimal Pada analisis efisiensi teknis 76,67 % memiliki efisiensi teknis kurang dari satu atau TER < 1 dan 21,33% memiliki efisiensi tenis lebih besar dari satu atau TER > 1 dengan rata rata 0,9563 berarti secara teknis keseluruhan petani sampel belum mengalokasikan semua inputnya secara efisien, karena tingkat produksi aktual yang dapat dicapai petani masih lebih rendah dari produksi potensialnya. Hal ini disebabkan oleh lemahnya kemampuan petani dalam mengelola atau memanfaatkan input akibat minimnya tingkat pendidikan ditingkat petani disisi lain petani masih perlu penyesuaian dengan perubahan teknologi. Pada analisis efisiensi alokatif menunjukkan pengalokasian input pestisida,tenaga kerja luar keluarga sudah efisien sementara pengalokasian input lahan, benih dan tenaga kerja dalam keluarga secara alokatif belum efisien sedangkan input pupuk urea pengalokasiannya kurang efisien maka pemakaiannya perlu dikurangi. Faktor sosial ekonomi yang mempunyai pengaruh positif terhadap efisiensi teknis adalah pendidikan formal, pengalaman berusahatani dan frekuensi bimbingan/penyuluhan sedangkan umur petani berpengaruh negatif sedangkan faktor teknis budidaya yang berpengaruh positif terhadap efisiensi teknis adalah frekuensi pemupukan sedangkan jarak tanam dan variabel penggunaan pestisida berpengaruh nyata secara negatif.

This study aims to find out the influence of utilization of production factors, technical efficiency, allocative efficiency, and the influence of social economic and cultivating technique factors on the technical efficiency rating (TER) and the increase of rice production. This study was conducted during the harvest season of 2004 in the subdistrict of Maliana, Bobonaro district, Timor-Leste using a survey method with purposive sampling technique, and the data were taken from 90 farmer respondents with random sampling technique. Analysis of inputs influencing the rice production showed that farm size, amount of seeds, Urea fertilizer, TSP fertilizer, external workers, internal workers from the family and management variable (TER) influence the production since the availability of all these inputs would not resulting in a maximum production without a good management. Technical efficiency analysis indicated that 76.67% of farmer respondents had technical efficiency less than one or TER < 1, and 21.33% had technical efficiency more than one or TER > 1 with the average value of 0.9563, meaning that from the technical aspects, all farmers of the sample had not allocated all the available inputs efficiently because the level of actual production achieved by the farmers was still lower than their potential production. This was caused by farmers’ poor ability in managing or utilizing the inputs due to their minimum educational level and the fact that they still need time to adjust themselves to the changing technology. Allocation efficiency analysis indicated that the allocation of such inputs like pesticide and external workers had been efficient. Meanwhile, the allocation of other inputs, like the cultivation area, seeds, and internal workers of the family, had not been efficient. The allocation of urea fertilizer was not efficient and therefore its use must be reduced. The social and economic factors that had positive influence on the technical efficiency were formal education, farming experience, and the frequency of attending training or coaching; the farmers’ age had negative influence. Meanwhile, cultivation technique that had positive influence on technical efficiency was the frequency of fertilizing. The distance between plants and pesticide in use had negative influence

Kata Kunci : Ushatani Padi Sawah,Efisiensi,Efficiency, Social Economic, Cultivating Technique, Production, Farming