Evaluasi Implementasi Program Deteksi Dini Hipertensi di Kabupaten Bantul Tahun 2025

Theresia Angelina Kewa Hayon, Bayu Satria Wiratama, S.Ked, MPH, Ph.D, FRSPH; Prof. dr. Anggoro Budi Hartopo, M.Sc., Sp.PD, KKV, Ph.D., Sp.JP(K)

2026 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar Belakang: Hipertensi merupakan penyakit tidak menular yang sering tidak bergejala sehingga deteksi dini melalui pemeriksaan tekanan darah secara rutin berperan penting dalam mencegah komplikasi. Cakupan deteksi dini hipertensi di Kabupaten Bantul tahun 2024 sebesar 46,8%, masih di bawah target nasional sebesar 70%. Kondisi ini menunjukkan perlunya evaluasi implementasi program secara komprehensif, meliputi pelaksanaan program, sistem surveilans, dan partisipasi masyarakat dalam deteksi dini hipertensi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi implementasi program deteksi dini hipertensi di Kabupaten Bantul tahun 2025 melalui evaluasi program, evaluasi surveilans, dan analisis faktor yang berhubungan dengan partisipasi masyarakat.

Metode: Substudi evaluasi program dan evaluasi surveilans menggunakan desain convergent mixed methods dengan varian kuesioner pada 27 pemegang program di Dinas Kesehatan dan puskesmas. Evaluasi program menganalisis aspek input, proses, dan output, sedangkan evaluasi surveilans menganalisis fungsi inti, fungsi pendukung, dan kualitas sistem surveilans. Data dianalisis secara kuantitatif (frekuensi dan persentase) dan kualitatif secara deskriptif naratif. Substudi analitik menggunakan desain case-control dengan rasio kasus 1:1 pada 408 masyarakat usia produktif untuk menganalisis hubungan pengetahuan, persepsi, dan dukungan sosial dengan partisipasi dalam deteksi dini hipertensi di Posbindu PTM menggunakan regresi logistik sederhana dan berganda.

Hasil : Pelaksanaan program deteksi dini hipertensi di Kabupaten Bantul secara umum telah berjalan baik dengan cakupan skrining tahun 2025 mencapai 87,42%, namun masih menghadapi keterbatasan ketercukupan SDM di puskesmas rawat inap, jejaring, sarana prasarana, dan partisipasi masyarakat usia produktif. Evaluasi surveilans menunjukkan bahwa pencatatan dan pelaporan melalui ASIK CKG telah berjalan, tetapi masih terkendala beban pencatatan ganda pada petugas, keterbatasan fitur aplikasi, kelengkapan pengisian hasil skrining, kesederhanaan dan fleksibilitas aplikasi. Hasil analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa jenis kelamin, umur, efikasi diri, dukungan penghargaan, dan dukungan instrumental berhubungan dengan partisipasi masyarakat usia produktif dalam deteksi dini hipertensi, dengan efikasi diri sebagai faktor yang paling dominan.

Kesimpulan: Implementasi program deteksi dini hipertensi di Kabupaten Bantul telah berjalan cukup baik, namun optimalisasi cakupan masih memerlukan penguatan SDM dan jejaring swasta, penyempurnaan sistem surveilans melalui ASIK CKG, serta peningkatan efikasi diri dan dukungan sosial masyarakat.

 

Background: Hypertension is a non-communicable disease that is often asymptomatic. Therefore, early detection through regular blood pressure screening is essential to prevent complications. In 2024, the coverage of early hypertension detection in Bantul Regency was 46.8%, which was below the national target of 70%. This highlights the need for a comprehensive evaluation of the hypertension early detection program, including program implementation, the surveillance system, and community participation. This study aimed to evaluate the implementation of the hypertension early detection program in Bantul Regency in 2025 through program evaluation, surveillance evaluation, and an analysis of factors associated with community participation.

Methods: The program evaluation and surveillance evaluation substudies used a convergent mixed-methods design with a questionnaire variant involving 27 program managers from the District Health Office and primary health centers. The program evaluation assessed the input, process, and output components, while the surveillance evaluation assessed the core functions, support functions, and quality of the surveillance system. Quantitative data were analyzed using frequencies and percentages, while qualitative data were analyzed descriptively. The analytical substudy used a 1:1 case-control design involving 408 working-age adults to examine the association of knowledge, perceptions, and social support with participation in early hypertension detection at Posbindu PTM. Data were analyzed using simple and multiple logistic regression.

Results: The hypertension early detection program in Bantul Regency was generally implemented well, with screening coverage reaching 87.42% in 2025. However, several challenges remained, including inadequate human resources at primary health centers with inpatient services, limited partnerships, inadequate infrastructure, and low participation among working-age adults. The surveillance evaluation showed that recording and reporting through the ASIK CKG application had been implemented, but several challenges remained, including duplicate data entry, limited application features, incomplete screening records, and limited system simplicity and flexibility. Multivariate analysis showed that sex, age, self-efficacy, appraisal support, and instrumental support were significantly associated with participation in early hypertension detection, with self-efficacy being the strongest associated factor.

Conclusion: The hypertension early detection program in Bantul Regency was generally implemented well. However, further improvements are needed to strengthen human resources and partnerships, improve the ASIK CKG surveillance system, and enhance self-efficacy and social support to increase community participation in early hypertension detection.

Kata Kunci : Hypertension, Early Diagnosis, Program Evaluation,Public Health Surveillance, Self Efficacy, Social Support, ASIK CKG