KEBERHASILAN HIDUP Aphis craccivora Koch (Homoptera : Aphididae) DARI KACANG TOLO DIPELIHARA PADA KACANG TOLO, KEDELAI DAN Glyrisidia sepium

Iin Sumanti, Prof. Dr. Jesmant Situmorang

2003 | Skripsi | S1 BIOLOGI

INTISARI Penelitian mengenai keberhasilan hidup Aphis craccivora yang berasal dari kacang tolo yang selanjutnya dipelihara pada tanaman kacang tolo (Vigna sinensis), kedelai (Glycine max) dan Glyrisidia sepium, menekankan penelitian pada aspek: perkembangbiakan, mortalitas dan perilaku makan. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Entomologi Fakultas Biologi Universitas Gadjah Mada dari Bulan Agustus 2002 sampai Bulan November 2002. A. craccivora imago yang diambil dari tanaman kacang tolo di lapangan dipelihara di Laboratorium pada tanaman kacang tolo sebagai stok kultur. Dari stok kultur tersebut diambil individu-individu yang akan diuji pada tanaman kacang tolo (V. sinensis), kedelai (G. max) dan G. sepium. Untuk masing-masing tanaman diletakkan satu ekor A. craccivora, dipelihara hingga A. craccivora tersebut beranak lagi. Kemudian dari keturunan tersebut diikuti perkembangannya, diambil tiga puluh ekor untuk masing-masing tanaman uji dan diamati keberhasilan hidupnya, perkembangbiakan, mortalitas dan perilaku makan pada masing-masing tanaman uji. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa A. craccivora yang hidup pada kacang tolo keberhasilan hidupnya tertinggi dibandingkan dengan yang hidup pada kedelai dan G. sepium; rata-rata jumlah anak per hari pada: kacang tolo 1–6 ekor, kedelai 1–5 ekor dan G. sepium 1–4 ekor. Persentase keberhasilan hidup A. craccivora hingga mencapai stadium imago pada kacang tolo (V. sinensis) 27,2% lebih tinggi dibandingkan pada kedelai (G. max) 25,2% dan pada G. sepium 20,7%. Rata-rata lama hidup A. craccivora pada kacang tolo 15 (± 6,96) hari, pada kedelai 3,80 (± 3,41) hari dan pada G. sepium 2,43 (± 0,92) hari. Perilaku makan A. craccivora pada ketiga tanaman uji sama, biasa terjadi pada pagi dan sore hari serta berlangsung selama 2–4 menit.

ABSTRACT Survivalship of Aphis craccivora Koch (Homoptera : Aphididae) Which Were Taken from Vigna sinensis Endl, Were Reared on Vigna sinensis Endl, Glycine max Merr and Glyrisidia sepium Biological studies of Aphis craccivora on Vigna sinensis, Glycine max and Glyrisidia sepium, included reproduction, mortality and feeding behaviour were conducted at Entomological Laboratory, Faculty of Biology, Gadjah Mada University Yogyakarta from August to November 2002. Adults of A. craccivora which were taken from V. sinensis in the field, were cultured on V. sinensis as stock culture; then the insects individually were transferred to host plant tests, i.e. V. sinensis, G. max and G. sepium. One individual was placed on each of the plant tests and then let the insects develop and produce their neonate. As many as thirty individuals of the neonates were placed on each of the plant tests. Observation were made on survivalship, reproduction, mortality and feeding behaviour. The results showed that A. craccivora originated from V. sinensis thence cultured on the same plant species had the highest survivalship; the average of the offspring on V. sinensis were 1–6 per day, on G. max were 1–5 per day, on G. sepium 1–4 per day. The percentage of survived insects and developed into adult stage on V. sinensis were 27,2%, on G. max 25,2% and on G. sepium 20,7%. The average of adult life span of A. craccivora on V. sinensis were 15 (± 6,96) days, on G. max 3,80 (± 3,41) days and on G. sepium 2,43 (± 0,92) days. Feeding behaviour of the A. craccivora was similar on the three host plants, it happened in the morning and afternoon. Feeding time was two to four minutes.

Kata Kunci : Aphis craccivora, Vigna sinensis, Glycine max, Reproduksi, Mortalitas, Perilaku makan