Ketahanan Pangan Rumah Tangga Petani di Kapanewon Playen Kabupaten Gunungkidul

Rizka Fitri Yatna, Prof. Dr. Jangkung Handoyo Mulyo, M.Ec.; Muh Amat Nasir, S.P., M.Sc.; Arini Wahyu Utami, S.P., M.Sc., Ph.D

2026 | Skripsi | SOS.EK. PERTANIAN (AGROBISNIS)

Ketahanan pangan rumah tangga tidak hanya ditentukan oleh ketersediaan pangan, tetapi juga oleh kemampuan mengakses dan memanfaatkan pangan. Meskipun Kapanewon Playen dikategorikan sangat tahan pangan berdasarkan Food Security and Vulnerability Atlas (FSVA) Kabupaten Gunungkidul Tahun 2024, kondisi wilayah belum tentu mencerminkan kondisi setiap rumah tangga. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pangsa pengeluaran pangan, kecukupan energi, klasifikasi ketahanan pangan, dan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi ketahanan pangan rumah tangga petani. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap 100 rumah tangga petani yang dipilih menggunakan cluster random sampling. Data primer periode Desember 2024–November 2025 dianalisis menggunakan one-sample t-test, one-sample Wilcoxon signed-rank test, klasifikasi silang Jonsson dan Toole (1991), serta regresi logistik biner. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata pangsa pengeluaran pangan sebesar 54,48%, secara signifikan lebih rendah dari batas 60%. Rata-rata konsumsi energi mencapai 2.307,47 kkal/kapita/hari dengan tingkat kecukupan energi sebesar 109,88%, secara statistik lebih tinggi dari batas 80%. Namun, hanya 35% rumah tangga tergolong tahan pangan, sedangkan 41% rentan pangan, 22% kurang pangan, dan 2% rawan pangan. Produksi beras berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap peluang rumah tangga mencapai ketahanan pangan, sedangkan pengalaman bertani berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan. Pendapatan dan jumlah anggota rumah tangga tidak berpengaruh signifikan. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa tingginya ketersediaan pangan pada tingkat wilayah belum menjamin ketahanan pangan seluruh rumah tangga petani.

Household food security depends not only on food availability but also on the ability to access and utilize food. Although Playen Sub-district was classified as highly food secure in the 2024 Food Security and Vulnerability Atlas (FSVA) of Gunungkidul Regency, regional conditions may not reflect individual household circumstances. This study aimed to analyze food expenditure share, energy adequacy, household food security classification, and factors influencing the food security of farming households. A total of 100 farming households were selected using cluster random sampling. Primary data for December 2024–November 2025 were analyzed using a one-sample t-test, a one-sample Wilcoxon signed-rank test, the Jonsson and Toole (1991) cross-classification method, and binary logistic regression. The results showed that the average food expenditure share was 54.48%, significantly below the 60% threshold. Average energy consumption reached 2,307.47 kcal/capita/day, with energy adequacy of 109.88%, statistically exceeding the 80% threshold. However, only 35% of households were classified as food secure, while 41% were vulnerable, 22% were food deficient, and 2% were food insecure. Rice production had a positive and significant effect on the probability of household food security, whereas farming experience had a negative and significant effect. Household income and household size were not statistically significant. These findings indicate that high regional food availability does not necessarily ensure food security among all farming households.

Kata Kunci : ketahanan pangan, klasifikasi ketahanan pangan rumah tangga Jonsson dan Toole, pangsa pengeluaran pangan, tingkat kecukupan energi, regresi logistik biner