Pengaruh Dukungan Pimpinan dan Kepuasan Kerja Terhadap Intensi Turn Over Dokter Umum RS PKU Muhammadiyah Karanganyar

Nisa'u Luthfi Nur Azizah, Dr. dr. Andreasta Meliala, Dipl.PH., M.Kes., M.A.S

2026 | Tesis | MAGISTER KEBIJAKAN DAN MANAJEMEN KESEHATAN

Latar Belakang: Turnover dokter umum dapat memengaruhi kontinuitas pelayanan dan stabilitas organisasi rumah sakit. Turnover intention merupakan prediktor penting dari turnover aktual sehingga perlu dipahami faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengannya, terutama faktor organisasi seperti dukungan pimpinan dan kepuasan kerja.

Tujuan: Menganalisis hubungan dukungan pimpinan dan kepuasan kerja dengan intensi turnover dokter umum di RS PKU Muhammadiyah Karanganyar.

Metode: Penelitian menggunakan desain Sequential Explanatory Mixed Methods. Data kuantitatif diperoleh dari 15 dokter umum melalui kuesioner Perceived Supervisor Support (PSS), Job Satisfaction Survey (JSS), dan Turnover Intention Scale (TIS). Analisis dilakukan menggunakan statistik deskriptif dan uji korelasi Spearman. Data kualitatif diperoleh melalui wawancara mendalam terhadap tiga informan dan dianalisis secara tematik.

Hasil: Rata-rata skor dukungan pimpinan (36,33±5,26) dan kepuasan kerja (58,87±5,95) berada pada kategori tinggi, sedangkan intensi turnover (22,93±5,20) berada pada kategori rendah. Terdapat hubungan negatif yang bermakna antara dukungan pimpinan dan intensi turnover (r=-0,634; p=0,011), serta antara kepuasan kerja dan intensi turnover (r=-0,541; p=0,037). Temuan kualitatif menunjukkan bahwa dukungan pimpinan yang suportif, lingkungan kerja islami, hubungan interpersonal yang baik, stabilitas karier, dan kesesuaian nilai organisasi turut mendukung retensi dokter umum.

Kesimpulan: Dukungan pimpinan dan kepuasan kerja berhubungan dengan rendahnya intensi turnover dokter umum. Dukungan pimpinan menunjukkan hubungan yang lebih kuat dibandingkan kepuasan kerja dan merupakan area penting dalam strategi retensi dokter umum.

 

Kata kunci: dukungan pimpinan, kepuasan kerja, intensi turnover, retensi dokter umum.

Background: General practitioner turnover may affect service continuity and hospital organizational stability. Turnover intention is an important predictor of actual turnover; therefore, factors related to turnover intention need to be identified, particularly organizational factors such as supervisor support and job satisfaction.

Objective: To analyze the relationship between supervisor support, job satisfaction, and turnover intention among general practitioners at PKU Muhammadiyah Karanganyar Hospital.

Methods: This study employed a Sequential Explanatory Mixed Methods design. Quantitative data were collected from 15 general practitioners using the Perceived Supervisor Support (PSS), Job Satisfaction Survey (JSS), and Turnover Intention Scale (TIS) questionnaires. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Spearman correlation tests. Qualitative data were obtained through in-depth interviews with three purposively selected informants and analyzed using thematic analysis.

Results: Mean supervisor support (36.33±5.26) and job satisfaction (58.87±5.95) scores were categorized as high, while turnover intention (22.93±5.20) was categorized as low. Significant negative relationships were found between supervisor support and turnover intention (r=-0.634; p=0.011), and between job satisfaction and turnover intention (r=-0.541; p=0.037). Qualitative findings revealed that supportive leadership, an Islamic work environment, positive interpersonal relationships, career stability, and organizational value congruence contributed to physician retention.

Conclusion: Supervisor support and job satisfaction were associated with lower turnover intention among general practitioners. Supervisor support demonstrated a stronger relationship than job satisfaction and may serve as a key focus for physician retention strategies.

 

Keywords: supervisor support, job satisfaction, turnover intention, general practitioner retention.

Kata Kunci : dukungan pimpinan, kepuasan kerja, intensi turnover, retensi dokter umum.