Analisis Ketimpangan Antar Wilayah di Kawasan Subosukawonosraten Tahun 2017-2024

Dzakiyah Alya Huwaida, Dr. R.Y. Kun Haribowo Purnomosidi, M.Si.

2026 | Tugas Akhir | D4 PEMBANGUNAN EKONOMI KEWILAYAHAN

Ketimpangan wilayah merupakan salah satu permasalahan pembangunan yang masih dihadapi di berbagai daerah, termasuk Kawasan Subosukawonosraten. Meskipun kawasan ini memiliki pertumbuhan ekonomi yang relatif tinggi, pemerataan hasil pembangunan belum sepenuhnya tercapai sehingga masih terdapat perbedaan tingkat perkembangan antarwilayah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat ketimpangan wilayah serta menguji pengaruh Penanaman Modal Asing (PMA), Dana Alokasi Umum (DAU), dan Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM) terhadap ketimpangan wilayah di Kawasan Subosukawonosraten tahun 2017–2024. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder berupa data panel yang terdiri atas tujuh kabupaten/kota selama periode 2017–2024. Tingkat ketimpangan dianalisis menggunakan Indeks Jaime Bonet sedangkan pengaruh variabel independen dianalisis menggunakan regresi data panel dengan Random Effect Model (REM). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan Indeks Jaime Bonet, tingkat ketimpangan wilayah di Kawasan Subosukawonosraten tergolong rendah. Namun, Kota Surakarta mengalami peningkatan setiap tahunnya dan tergolong tinggi. Selanjutnya, hasil regresi data panel menunjukkan bahwa Penanaman Modal Asing (PMA) dan Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM) berpengaruh signifikan terhadap ketimpangan wilayah, sedangkan Dana Alokasi Umum (DAU) tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap ketimpangan wilayah.

Regional inequality remains one of the major development challenges faced by many regions, including the Subosukawonosraten Area. Although this area has experienced relatively high economic growth, the benefits of development have not been distributed evenly, resulting in disparities in the level of development among regions. This study aims to analyze the level of regional inequality and examine the effects of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), the General Allocation Fund (DAU), and the Human Development Index (HDI) on regional inequality in the Subosukawonosraten Area during the 2017–2024 period. This research employed secondary data in the form of panel data consisting of seven regencies/municipality over the 2017–2024 period. Regional inequality was measured using the Jaime Bonet Index, while the effects of the independent variables were analyzed using panel data regression with the Random Effect Model (REM). The results indicate that, based on the Jaime Bonet Index, the overall level of regional inequality in the Subosukawonosraten Area is classified as low. However, Surakarta Municipality experienced an increasing level of regional inequality each year and was classified as having a high level of inequality. Furthermore, the panel data regression results show that Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and the Human Development Index (HDI) have a negative and significant effect on regional inequality, whereas the General Allocation Fund (DAU) has no significant effect on regional inequality. 

Kata Kunci : Dana Alokasi Umum, Indeks Pembangunan Manusia, Ketimpangan Wilayah, Penanaman Modal Asing, Regresi Data Panel