ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN FAKTOR RISIKO WASTING PADA KELOMPOK USIA BADUTA (6-23 BULAN) DAN BALITA (24-59 BULAN): SSGI 2024

REZKI NURFATMI, Prof. Dr. Siti Helmyati, DCN, M.Kes, Digna Niken Purwaningrum, S.Gz MPH, Ph.D

2026 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar belakang: Wasting masih menjadi permasalahan serius dalam bidang kesehatan anak di Indonesia. Kondisi ini mencerminkan kekurangan gizi akut yang merupakan konsekuensi gabungan antara asupan makan yang tidak mencukupi dan tingginya insiden penyakit menular, terutama diare. Selain itu, Kondisi wasting tidak hanya kekurangan gizi akut, tetapi juga memiliki dampak jangka panjang terhadap kesehatan dan perkembangan anak. Adapun tujuan dilakukan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis hubungan antara kelompok usia baduta (6-23 bulan) dan balita (24-59 bulan) terhadap kejadian wasting di Indonesia serta faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya.

Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional dengan data sekunder Survei Status Gizi Indonesia (SSGI) Tahun 2024. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan pendekatan complex samples dengan analisis deskriptif, uji chi-square, dan regresi logistik multivariabel menggunakan metode backward elimination. Variabel yang dianalisis meliputi kelompok usia, jenis kelamin, tempat tinggal, pendidikan ibu, diare, ISPA, riwayat imunisasi, pemberian MP-ASI, pemberian PMT, akses pelayanan kesehatan, dan indeks kekayaan.

Hasil: Penelitian ini melibatkan 188.896 anak usia 6–59 bulan di Indonesia dengan prevalensi wasting sebesar 7,80%. Anak usia 6–23 bulan memiliki risiko wasting lebih tinggi dibandingkan anak usia 24–59 bulan. Faktor yang berhubungan dengan wasting meliputi usia anak, jenis kelamin, riwayat ISPA, status imunisasi, dan indeks kekayaan rumah tangga. Analisis stratifikasi menunjukkan bahwa jenis kelamin, status imunisasi, dan indeks kekayaan merupakan faktor yang konsisten berhubungan dengan wasting pada kedua kelompok usia..

Kesimpulan: Kelompok usia 6–23 bulan merupakan kelompok yang paling rentan mengalami wasting. Kejadian wasting pada balita di Indonesia dipengaruhi oleh faktor multidimensional meliputi jenis kelamin, penyakit infeksi, status imunisasi, praktik pemberian makan anak, dan kondisi sosial ekonomi rumah tangga. Intervensi gizi pada periode 1000 Hari Pertama Kehidupan perlu diperkuat melalui optimalisasi pemberian MP-ASI, pencegahan penyakit infeksi, peningkatan cakupan imunisasi, serta perbaikan kondisi sosial ekonomi keluarga.

Background: Wasting remains a serious problem in the field of child health in Indonesia. This condition reflects acute malnutrition, which is the combined result of inadequate food intake and a high incidence of infectious diseases, particularly diarrhea. Furthermore, wasting is not merely a form of acute malnutrition; it also has long-term effects on children’s health and development. The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between the infant (6–23 months) and toddler (24–59 months) age groups in relation to the incidence of wasting in Indonesia and the factors influencing it.

Methods: This study employed a cross-sectional design using secondary data from the 2024 Indonesian Nutrition Status Survey (SSGI). Analysis was conducted using a complex samples approach with descriptive analysis, chi-square tests, and multivariate logistic regression using the backward elimination method. The variables analyzed included age group, sex, place of residence, maternal education, diarrhea, acute respiratory infections (ARI), immunization history, complementary feeding, supplementary feeding, access to health services, and the wealth index.

Results: This study included 188,896 children aged 6–59 months in Indonesia, with a wasting prevalence of 7.80%. The findings showed that children aged 6–23 months had a higher risk of wasting compared to those aged 24–59 months. Factors associated with wasting included child age, sex, history of acute respiratory infection (ARI), immunization status, and household wealth index. Stratified analysis revealed that sex, immunization status, and household wealth index were consistently associated with wasting among both children aged 6–23 months and those aged 24–59 months.

Conclusion: Children aged 6–23 months represent the most vulnerable group to wasting in Indonesia. The occurrence of wasting is influenced by multiple factors, including biological characteristics, infectious diseases, immunization status, child feeding practices, and household socioeconomic conditions. Furthermore, the determinants of wasting differ between younger and older children, indicating the need for age-specific interventions. Strengthening nutrition and health programs during the first 1,000 days of life, improving immunization coverage, preventing infectious diseases, and addressing socioeconomic disparities are essential to reduce the burden of wasting among Indonesian children.

Kata Kunci : Wasting, balita, baduta, indonesia