Manajemen Risiko Budidaya Udang Vaname (Penaeus vannamei Boone, 1931) di PT Riung Agro Lestari, Kabupaten Cianjur

Ananda Nur Kholifah, Dr. Susilo Budi Priyono, S.Pi., M.Si.

2026 | Skripsi | BUDIDAYA PERIKANAN

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi sumber risiko, menganalisis probabilitas dan dampak risiko, serta merumuskan strategi penanganan risiko pada budidaya intensif udang vaname (Penaeus vannamei Boone, 1931) di PT Riung Agro Lestari, Kabupaten Cianjur. Penelitian menggunakan metode studi kasus dengan pendekatan deskriptif kuantitatif. Data yang digunakan meliputi data primer yang diperoleh melalui wawancara dan observasi lapangan, serta data sekunder berupa data produktivitas, ukuran panen (size), dan pendapatan dari 31 petak tambak selama tiga siklus budidaya pada tahun 2024–2025. Analisis risiko dilakukan menggunakan metode z-score untuk mengukur probabilitas risiko, Value at Risk (VaR) untuk mengukur dampak risiko, serta matriks risiko untuk menentukan tingkat dan prioritas risiko. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa risiko yang dihadapi perusahaan terdiri atas risiko pasar, produksi, dan operasional. Risiko pasar meliputi fluktuasi harga jual dan kenaikan harga pakan, risiko produksi meliputi kualitas air, penyakit, dan benur, sedangkan risiko operasional meliputi kerusakan alat dan sumber daya manusia (SDM). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa probabilitas risiko produktivitas sebesar 7,3?ngan dampak sebesar Rp46.806.808 dan status risiko sebesar Rp3.416.897, sedangkan probabilitas risiko size sebesar 33,4?ngan dampak sebesar Rp14.629.263 dan status risiko sebesar Rp4.886.125. Risiko pendapatan memiliki probabilitas sebesar 0% tanpa menunjukkan dampak kerugian selama periode penelitian. Berdasarkan matriks risiko, risiko size memiliki status risiko tertinggi dibandingkan risiko produktivitas, meskipun keduanya berada pada kategori dampak ringan sekali. Analisis kejadian risiko menunjukkan bahwa kualitas air merupakan sumber risiko tertinggi dengan nilai status risiko sebesar 20,3, diikuti oleh risiko benur dengan nilai status risiko sebesar 11,3. Strategi penanganan risiko yang diterapkan perusahaan meliputi pengelolaan kualitas air, penerapan biosecurity, seleksi benur, pemeliharaan peralatan secara berkala, penerapan SOP (Standar Operasional Perusahaan), serta efisiensi penggunaan pakan. Secara keseluruhan, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa risiko ukuran panen (size) dan kualitas air merupakan faktor yang perlu menjadi perhatian dalam pengelolaan risiko budidaya intensif udang vaname di PT Riung Agro Lestari, dengan risiko size memiliki status risiko tertinggi berdasarkan data historis produksi.

This study aims to identify risk sources, analyze the probability and impact of risks, and formulate risk management strategies for intensive whiteleg shrimp (Penaeus vannamei Boone, 1931) farming at PT Riung Agro Lestari, Cianjur Regency. The study employed a case study method with a quantitative descriptive approach. The data used included primary data obtained through interviews and field observations, as well as secondary data consisting of productivity, harvest size, and revenue data from 31 pond plots over three cultivation cycles in 2024–2025. Risk analysis was conducted using the z-score method to measure risk probability, Value at Risk (VaR) to measure risk impact, and a risk matrix to determine risk levels and priorities. The results showed that the risks faced by the company consisted of market, production, and operational risks. Market risks included fluctuations in selling prices and increases in feed prices; production risks included water quality, disease, and fry; while operational risks included equipment damage and human resources (HR). The analysis showed that the probability of productivity risk was 7.3%, with an impact of IDR 46,806,808 and a risk status of IDR 3,416,897, while the probability of size risk was 33.4%, with an impact of IDR 14,629,263 and a risk status of IDR 4,886,125. Revenue risk had a probability of 0% and showed no financial loss during the study period. Based on the risk matrix, size risk had the highest risk status compared with productivity risk, although both risks were classified as having a very low impact level. Analysis of risk events showed that water quality was the highest source of risk, with a risk status value of 20.3, followed by fry risk with a risk status value of 11.3. The risk management strategies implemented by the company included water quality management, biosecurity measures, fry selection, regular equipment maintenance, implementation of standard operating procedures (SOPs), and efficient feed utilization. Overall, the results indicate that harvest size and water quality require attention in managing risks in intensive whiteleg shrimp farming at PT Riung Agro Lestari, with size risk having the highest risk status based on historical production data.

Kata Kunci : manajemen risiko, udang vaname, Value at Risk (VaR), z-score, budidaya intensif.