Politik hukum kebijakan izin tinggal kunjungan dalam rangka peralihan bagi warga negara asing dalam hukum keimigrasian Indonesia

Ridlo Dwi Susanto, Dr. Dian Agung Wicaksono, S.H., LL.M

2026 | Tesis | S2 ILMU HUKUM JAKARTA

Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Bridging Visa lahir sebagai respons terhadap kekosongan hukum administratif (legal vacuum) dalam masa transisi izin tinggal warga negara asing, sekaligus merefleksikan pergeseran paradigma politik hukum keimigrasian dari pendekatan keamanan menuju pendekatan yang lebih berorientasi pada kemanfaatan ekonomi dan kemudahan investasi. Kebijakan ini menandai transformasi fungsi keimigrasian dari sekadar instrumen pengawasan menjadi fasilitator mobilitas dan pembangunan ekonomi.

Secara normatif, implementasi Bridging Visa masih menghadapi potensi disharmonisasi karena belum diatur secara eksplisit dalam Undang-Undang Keimigrasian, sehingga menimbulkan multitafsir terkait status hukum, kewenangan, serta batas penggunaan izin. Selain itu, terdapat ketidaksinkronan teknis masa berlaku serta belum jelasnya pengaturan transisi izin tinggal yang berimplikasi pada ketidakpastian hukum. Dari aspek administratif, ditemukan kelemahan berupa belum optimalnya integrasi data antar instansi, pengawasan yang masih reaktif, serta keterbatasan sistem real-time yang membuka potensi penyalahgunaan izin.

Dalam perspektif perlindungan hukum, Bridging Visa berfungsi sebagai instrumen preventif untuk menjamin kepastian hukum dan kontinuitas status legal warga negara asing selama masa transisi izin tinggal. Namun efektivitasnya masih bergantung pada harmonisasi regulasi, kejelasan pengaturan teknis, dan penguatan sistem pengawasan. Dengan demikian, kebijakan ini bersifat progresif, tetapi masih memerlukan rekonstruksi melalui penguatan regulasi dan digitalisasi sistem keimigrasian guna meningkatkan kepastian hukum, efektivitas pengawasan, serta mendukung kepentingan ekonomi nasional secara optimal.

Kata kunci: bridging visa, kepastian hukum, perlindungan hukum preventif, politik hukum keimigrasian, undang-undang keimigrasian.

This study shows that the Bridging Visa emerged as a response to a legal vacuum during the transitional period of residence permits for foreign nationals, while also reflecting a shift in the paradigm of immigration legal policy from a security-oriented approach toward one that emphasizes economic benefits and investment facilitation. This policy marks a transformation of immigration functions from merely a control instrument into a facilitator of mobility and economic development.

From a normative perspective, the implementation of the Bridging Visa still faces potential disharmony because it is not explicitly regulated in the Immigration Law, leading to multiple interpretations regarding legal status, authority, and the limits of permit usage. In addition, there are technical inconsistencies in the validity period as well as unclear transitional arrangements for subsequent residence permits, which contribute to legal uncertainty. From an administrative perspective, weaknesses are found in the suboptimal integration of inter-agency data, a predominantly reactive monitoring system, and limited real-time system capabilities, all of which open up opportunities for permit misuse.

From the perspective of legal protection, the Bridging Visa functions as a preventive instrument to ensure legal certainty and the continuity of lawful status for foreign nationals during the residence permit transition period. However, its effectiveness still depends on regulatory harmonization, clarity of technical arrangements, and strengthening of the supervisory system. Thus, this policy is progressive in nature, yet still requires reconstruction through regulatory reinforcement and the digitalization of the immigration system to enhance legal certainty, improve supervisory effectiveness, and optimally support national economic interests.

Keywords: bridging visa, legal certainty, preventive legal protection, legal policy on immigration, immigration law.

Kata Kunci : bridging visa, kepastian hukum, perlindungan hukum preventif, politik hukum keimigrasian, undang-undang keimigrasian.