PERBANDINGAN OPTIMASI PEMASANGAN KAPASITOR DAN STATCOM UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PROFIL TEGANGAN PADA SISTEM DISTRIBUSI RADIAL MENGGUNAKAN ALGORITMA PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION (PSO)
ABDUL AZIS, Dr.-Ing. Ir. Yohan Fajar Sidik, S.T., M.Eng.; Dr. Ir. Avrin Nur Widiastuti, S.T., M.Eng., IPM.
2026 | Tesis | S2 Teknik Elektro
According to SPLN T6.001:2013, the minimum voltage limit for a 20 kV distribution system is 18 kV or 0.90 p.u. This study was conducted on the actual STG01 feeder of PLN UID Kalselteng, UP3 Tanah Bumbu, which is a 20 kV radial distribution system with a 151.70 km main feeder, 226 distribution transformers, and a total connected load of 12,430 kVA. The base-case condition shows that the feeder cannot satisfy the minimum voltage requirement, with the lowest voltage of 14.82 kV under the 2026 base-load condition and 12.64 kV under the highest load condition in 2031. This study aims to determine the optimal locations and sizes of capacitors and STATCOM to improve the voltage profile and reduce active power losses. The optimization was carried out using the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm implemented in DIgSILENT PowerFactory. The analysis includes the 2026–2031 load conditions, sensitivity analysis of the optimized solutions, capacitor–STATCOM combination, and technical-economic comparison of several scenarios. The results show that under the 2031 load condition, the uncompensated system has 31 undervoltage buses and active power losses of 1,778.19 kW. The optimal capacitor and STATCOM scenarios each require 3,900 kVAr installed at 13 buses and are able to eliminate all undervoltage buses. Active power losses decrease to 1,261.19 kW in the capacitor scenario and 1,248.21 kW in the STATCOM scenario. However, the 2031 optimal capacitor configuration indicates overcompensation under lower-load conditions. The combined scenario uses 3,000 kVAr of capacitors and 900 kVAr of STATCOM, maintains all bus voltages above 18 kV for the 2026–2031 load conditions, and achieves active power losses nearly equal to the full STATCOM scenario. Economically, the combined scenario provides the lowest six-year simple total cost, amounting to 1,010,736.64 USD, with the highest net savings of 280,298.31 USD. Therefore, the capacitor–STATCOM combination is the most balanced scenario because it provides technical performance equivalent to the full STATCOM scenario with lower investment cost.
Kata Kunci : Kapasitor, STATCOM, sistem distribusi radial, Particle Swarm Optimization, kompensasi daya reaktif