Pembuatan Sistem Perekomendasi Destinasi Wisata Menggunakan Metode Simple Additive Weighting di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

Hifnie Nazih Al Ghifari, Dr. Dedi Atunggal S.P., S.T., M.Sc.

2026 | Skripsi | TEKNIK GEODESI

Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY) merupakan salah satu pusat destinasi pariwisata utama di Indonesia yang menawarkan keragaman daya tarik wisata, mulai dari peninggalan sejarah dan budaya keraton hingga kawasan alam dan taman rekreasi yang tersebar di lima kabupaten/kota. Tingginya minat wisatawan terhadap keragaman tersebut tercermin dari data kunjungan yang mencapai lebih dari 27 juta wisatawan pada tahun 2024. Namun, melimpahnya informasi pariwisata di internet justru sering kali menimbulkan masalah information overload yang menyulitkan wisatawan dalam memprioritaskan destinasi sesuai preferensi personal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat sistem perekomendasi destinasi wisata berbasis web yang mengintegrasikan metode Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) guna memberikan rekomendasi yang objektif dan terpersonalisasi.

Sistem perekomendasi ini dikembangkan menggunakan model Waterfall yang mencakup tahap analisis kebutuhan, perancangan, implementasi, hingga pengujian. Dalam pengembangannya, sistem ini menggunakan data utama berupa sebaran titik destinasi yang diperoleh dari Dinas Pariwisata DIY, yang memuat informasi koordinat dan harga tiket sebagai kriteria pembobotan, serta atribut pelengkap seperti deskripsi daya tarik wisata, kategori, alamat, situs web, dan media sosial. Selain itu, digunakan pula data spasial batas administrasi wilayah sebagai data pendukung sistem. Pada tahap perancangan, sistem dibangun dengan arsitektur three-tier yang memisahkan lapisan presentasi, logika aplikasi, dan data. Lapisan presentasi diimplementasikan menggunakan framework Next.js dan library MapLibre GL JS untuk visualisasi peta interaktif, sedangkan lapisan data menggunakan basis data PostgreSQL dengan ekstensi spasial PostGIS. Pada tahap implementasi, metode SAW diprogram pada Application Programming Interface (API) di sisi server untuk memproses pemeringkatan data destinasi wisata berdasarkan empat kriteria, yaitu harga tiket dan jarak (cost), serta jumlah ulasan dan rating (benefit).

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 330 data awal yang diperoleh dari Dinas Pariwisata DIY, sebanyak 321 destinasi wisata berhasil diproses menjadi data spasial yang tervalidasi dan siap digunakan dalam sistem. Sistem perekomendasi yang dihasilkan terdiri atas antarmuka peta interaktif bagi pengguna umum serta dashboard pengelolaan data bagi administrator, yang keduanya berhasil diimplementasikan sesuai rancangan. Pada sisi fungsi utama, metode SAW berhasil diintegrasikan untuk menghasilkan sepuluh rekomendasi destinasi terbaik secara dinamis sesuai bobot preferensi yang diatur pengguna, dengan hasil perhitungan yang identik terhadap perhitungan manual menggunakan Microsoft Excel pada seluruh skenario validasi. Selanjutnya, uji fungsionalitas menggunakan metode Black-Box mencatat tingkat keberhasilan 100% pada seluruh skenario uji, sedangkan uji kegunaan berdasarkan standar ISO 9241-11 dengan 94 responden menghasilkan predikat "Sangat Layak" pada seluruh aspek, dengan indeks kelayakan rata-rata secara keseluruhan mencapai 90,95?n tingkat keberhasilan sistem berjalan tanpa error sebesar 92,6%. Secara keseluruhan, penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa sistem perekomendasi yang dikembangkan berhasil diimplementasikan sesuai rancangan, akurat secara komputasi, serta responsif dan mudah digunakan dalam memfasilitasi pengambilan keputusan perjalanan pariwisata di DIY.

The Special Region of Yogyakarta (DIY) is one of the primary tourism destinations in Indonesia, offering a wide range of attractions, from historical and cultural heritage sites such as the royal palace (keraton) to natural landscapes and recreational parks spread across its five regencies/cities. The high level of tourist interest in this diversity is reflected in visitor data, which recorded more than 27 million tourist arrivals in 2024. However, the abundance of tourism information available on the internet often leads to information overload, making it difficult for tourists to prioritize destinations according to their personal preferences. This study aims to develop a web-based tourism destination recommendation system that integrates the Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) method to provide objective and personalized recommendations.

The recommendation system was developed using the Waterfall model, which encompasses the stages of requirements analysis, design, implementation, and testing. During the development, the system utilized primary data consisting of destination and attraction points obtained from the DIY Tourism Office, which contained coordinate information and ticket prices as weighting criteria, as well as supplementary attributes such as tourist attraction descriptions, categories, addresses, websites, and social media. In addition, administrative boundary spatial data was used as supporting system data. During the design stage, the system was built using a three-tier architecture that separates the presentation, application logic, and data layers. The presentation layer was implemented using the Next.js framework and the MapLibre GL JS library for interactive map visualization, while the data layer utilized a PostgreSQL database with the PostGIS spatial extension. During the implementation stage, the SAW method was programmed into the Application Programming Interface (API) on the server side to process the ranking of tourist destination data based on four criteria: ticket price and distance (cost), as well as review count and rating (benefit).

The results show that out of 330 initial data points obtained from the DIY Tourism Office, 321 tourist destinations were successfully processed into validated spatial data ready for use within the system. The resulting recommendation system consists of an interactive map interface for general users and a data management dashboard for administrators, both of which were successfully implemented according to the design. In terms of its core function, the SAW method was successfully integrated to generate ten dynamic topdestination recommendations based on the preference weights set by users, with calculation results identical to manual calculations performed in Microsoft Excel across all validation scenarios. Furthermore, functionality testing using the Black-Box method recorded a 100% success rate across all test scenarios, while usability testing based on the ISO 9241-11 standard involving 94 respondents yielded a "Highly Feasible" rating across all aspects, with an overall average feasibility index reaching 90.95% and an error-free system execution rate of 92.6%. Overall, this research confirms that the developed recommendation system was successfully implemented according to its design, is computationally accurate, and is responsive and user-friendly in facilitating tourism travel decision-making in the DIY region.

Kata Kunci : Sistem Perekomendasi, Simple Additive Weighting, Destinasi Wisata, Pariwisata