Citizenship Keluarga Prasejahtera Bayi Prematur melalui Inkubator Gratis: Studi Kasus Yayasan Bayi Prematur Indonesia (YABAPI)

Frederic Kornelius Marbun, Dr. Subando Agus Margono, M. Si.

2026 | Tesis | MAGISTER MANAJEMEN DAN KEBIJAKAN PUBLIK

Pelayanan kesehatan neonatal masih menjadi persoalan penting di Indonesia, khususnya bagi bayi prematur dari keluarga prasejahtera yang membutuhkan dukungan perawatan setelah keluar dari rumah sakit. Meskipun hak kesehatan neonatal telah dijamin melalui kebijakan dan mekanisme pelayanan formal, sebagian keluarga masih menghadapi keterbatasan ekonomi, akses terhadap alat, pengetahuan, serta dukungan perawatan lanjutan di rumah. Kondisi tersebut menunjukkan adanya kesenjangan antara jaminan formal hak kesehatan neonatal dan akses nyata keluarga dalam mewujudkan hak tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bagaimana praktik health citizenship dalam pemenuhan hak kesehatan neonatal keluarga prasejahtera terbentuk melalui layanan inkubator gratis Yayasan Bayi Prematur Indonesia (YABAPI). Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi, dokumentasi, serta penggunaan dokumentasi Focus Group Discussion (FGD) sebagai data sekunder. Informan penelitian meliputi pengelola YABAPI, agen relawan, tenaga kesehatan, dan keluarga penerima manfaat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa praktik health citizenship terbentuk melalui lima proses utama, yaitu pembukaan akses terhadap dukungan perawatan pascapemulangan, negosiasi batas institusional antara pelayanan formal dan kebutuhan keluarga, produksi bersama (co-production) dukungan pascapemulangan, penguatan keluarga sebagai subjek partisipatif dalam perawatan bayi prematur di rumah, serta pembagian tanggung jawab kolektif yang berorientasi pada keselamatan bayi sebagai kepentingan publik. YABAPI dalam penelitian ini tidak dipahami sebagai pusat tunggal praktik citizenship, melainkan sebagai institutional intermediary yang menjembatani keluarga prasejahtera dengan sumber daya sosial, relawan, tenaga kesehatan, dan dukungan perawatan pascapemulangan. Dengan menggunakan perspektif Bourgon, penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa health citizenship dalam kesehatan neonatal tidak hanya berkaitan dengan pengakuan hak secara formal, tetapi juga dengan praktik sosial yang memungkinkan hak tersebut diwujudkan melalui partisipasi, produksi bersama, tanggung jawab kolektif, dan orientasi pada keselamatan kelompok rentan.

Neonatal health care remains an important issue in Indonesia, particularly for premature infants from underprivileged families who require continued care after being discharged from hospital. Although neonatal health rights have been formally guaranteed through public policies and formal health service mechanisms, some families still face economic constraints, limited access to equipment, insufficient knowledge, and inadequate support for continued home-based care. This condition indicates a gap between the formal guarantee of neonatal health rights and families’ actual access to fulfilling those rights in practice. This study aims to analyze how health citizenship practices in fulfilling neonatal health rights for underprivileged families are formed through the free incubator service provided by the Indonesian Premature Baby Foundation (Yayasan Bayi Prematur Indonesia/YABAPI). This research employs a qualitative approach using a case study method. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, documentation, and the use of Focus Group Discussion (FGD) documentation as secondary data. Research informants included YABAPI administrators, volunteer agents, health professionals, and beneficiary families. The findings show that health citizenship practices are formed through five main processes: opening access to post-discharge care support, negotiating institutional boundaries between formal health services and family needs, co-producing post-discharge support, strengthening families as participatory subjects in caring for premature infants at home, and distributing collective responsibility oriented toward infant safety as a public interest. In this study, YABAPI is not understood as the sole center of citizenship practices, but as an institutional intermediary that connects underprivileged families with social resources, volunteers, health professionals, and post-discharge care support. Drawing on Bourgon’s perspective, this study concludes that health citizenship in neonatal health is not limited to the formal recognition of rights, but also involves social practices through which such rights are realized through participation, co-production, collective responsibility, and an orientation toward the safety of vulnerable groups.

Kata Kunci : citizenship, kesehatan neonatal, bayi prematur, keluarga prasejahtera, YABAPI, inkubator gratis