Pengaruh Pariwisata Bahari Terhadap Kesejahteraan Subjektif Masyarakat Pesisir Desa Karimunjawa dan Kemujan: Peran Mediasi Aset dan Strategi Penghidupan

Riska Devi Rahmawati, Dr. Anggi Rahajeng, S.E., M.Ec.

2026 | Tugas Akhir | D4 PEMBANGUNAN EKONOMI KEWILAYAHAN

Perkembangan pariwisata bahari di Karimunjawa telah menciptakan berbagai peluang penghidupan bagi masyarakat pesisir. Namun keberhasilan pembangunan pariwisata tidak hanya dapat diukur dari aspek ekonomi, tetapi juga dari kesejahteraan yang dirasakan oleh masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh pariwisata bahari terhadap kesejahteraan subyektif masyarakat pesisir melalui aset penghidupan dan strategi penghidupan. Penelitian dilakukan di Desa Karimunjawa dan Desa Kemujan, Kecamatan Karimunjawa, Kabupaten Jepara. Data dikumpulkan melalui survei menggunakan kuesioner dengan teknik snowball sampling. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kesejahteraan subyektif masyarakat pesisir tinggi. Pariwisata bahari berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap aset penghidupan dan strategi penghidupan. Aset penghidupan juga berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap strategi penghidupan. Selain itu, aset penghidupan dan strategi penghidupan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kesejahteraan secara subyektif. Hasil pengujian mediasi menunjukkan bahwa pariwisata bahari berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kesejahteraan subyektif melalui aset penghidupan dan strategi penghidupan. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pariwisata bahari berkontribusi terhadap peningkatan kesejahteraan subyektif masyarakat pesisir melalui penguatan aset penghidupan dan strategi penghidupan.

Marine tourism has become an important sector in supporting the economic development of coastal areas. In Karimunjawa, the growth of marine tourism has created various livelihood opportunities for coastal communities. However, the success of tourism development should not only be assessed through economic indicators but also through the well-being perceived by local communities. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the effect of marine tourism on the subjective well-being of coastal communities through livelihood assets and livelihood strategies.This study was conducted in Karimunjawa Village and Kemujan Village, Karimunjawa District, Jepara Regency. Data were collected through a questionnaire survey selected using the snowball sampling technique. The data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS).The results showed that the subjective well-being of coastal communities was relatively high. Marine tourism had a positive and significant effect on livelihood assets and livelihood strategies. Livelihood assets also had a positive and significant effect on livelihood strategies. Furthermore, livelihood assets and livelihood strategies had positive and significant effects on subjective well-being. The mediation analysis revealed that marine tourism indirectly influenced subjective well-being through livelihood assets and livelihood strategies. This study concluded that marine tourism contributes to improving the subjective well-being of coastal communities by strengthening livelihood assets and supporting the implementation of more effective livelihood strategies.

Kata Kunci : pariwisata bahari, kesejahteraan subjektif, aset penghidupan, strategi penghidupan, masyarakat pesisir.