Evaluasi Kinerja Struktur Gedung dengan Analisis Time History

Raihan Suhada, Prof. Ir. Bambang Suhendro, M.Sc, Ph.D., IPU.

2026 | Skripsi | TEKNIK SIPIL

Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara dengan tingkat kegempaan yang tinggi Ditambah banyaknya keberadaan sesar aktif didaratan, terutama diwilayah Yogyakarta yang memiliki Sesar Opak. Kondisi ini menyebabkan wilayah Yogyakarta memiliki potensi gempa bumi yang dapat memberikan kerusakan ringan hingga keruntuhan total bangunan. Bangunan rumah sakit dituntut untuk tetap operasional setelah kejadian gempa. Terdapat dua metode untuk analisis dinamik yaitu analisis respons spektrum dan analisis riwayat waktu (time history). Metode repons spektrum hanya memberikan nilai- nilai maksimum tanpa memberikan tanda positif dan negatif yang mana nilai maksimum diperoleh dari kombinasi statistik seperti SRSS atau CQC. Bangunan yang memiliki ketidakberaturan torsi dan memiliki kategori risiko IV harus dilakukan analisis yang lebih akurat yaitu analisis time history.

Penelitian dilakukan untuk mendapatkan perhitungan akurasi linier time history, repons dinamik struktur dan evaluasi kinerja struktur. Analisis dilakukan dengan cara membandingkan nilai respons maksimum struktur tiap gempa dengan respons spektrum dan batas izin SNI 1726:2019. Analisis linier time history melibatkan 3 ground motion terpilih antara lain nicaragua (Central Amerika,2014) , Chichi (Taiwan,1999), Tohoku (Jepang,2011) yang sesuai karakteristik sumber gempa dan kondisi tanah di lokasi penelitian

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa repons maksimum struktur dominan dipengaruhi oleh analisis time history, seperti gaya geser dasar (base shear) maksimum arah X dihasilkan oleh time history dan arah Y oleh respons spektrum, simpangan antar tingkat (drift) maksimum arah X dan Y dihasilkan oleh analisis time history, dan perpindahan (displacement) maksimum arah X dan Y dihasilkan oleh analisis time history. Evaluasi kinerja struktur dengan analisis time history belum memenuhi SNI 1726:2019 dikarenakan gempa chichi melampaui batas izin simpangan antar tingkat.

Indonesia is one of the countries with a high seismic rate plus the existence of many active faults on land, especially in the Yogyakarta area which has the Opak Fault. This condition causes the Yogyakarta area to have the potential for earthquakes that can provide minor damage to the total collapse of buildings. Hospital buildings are required to remain operational after the earthquake. There are two methods for dynamic analysis, namely spectrum response analysis and time history analysis. The spectrum response method only gives maximum values without giving positive and negative marks where the maximum value is obtained from statistical combinations such as SRSS or CQC. Buildings that have torque irregularities and have a risk category IV must be carried out a more accurate analysis, namely time history analysis.

The research was conducted to obtain the calculation of linear time history accuracy, structural dynamic responses and structural performance evaluation. The analysis was carried out by comparing the maximum response value of each earthquake structure with the spectrum response and permit limits of SNI 1726:2019. Linear time history analysis involved 3 selected ground motions, including Nicaragua (Central America, 2014), Chichi (Taiwan, 1999), Tohoku (Japan, 2011) which were according to the characteristics of the earthquake source and soil conditions at the research site

The results showed that the maximum response of the dominant structure was influenced by the time history analysis, such as the maximum base shear force of the X direction generated by the time history and the Y direction by the spectrum response, the deviation between the levels (drift) of the X and Y directions was generated by the time history analysis, and the maximum displacement of the X and Y directions was generated by the time history analysis. The evaluation of the performance of the structure with time history analysis has not met SNI 1726:2019 because the chichi earthquake exceeded the limit of interchange permits. 

Kata Kunci : Time history, Ground motion, Kinerja struktur, ETABS, Perbandingan