Analisis Pola Hubungan Variabel Lingkungan dengan Kondisi Fungsional Perkerasan Jalan di Wilayah Pegunungan

Lisa Ariyanti, Ir. M. Rizka Fahmi Amrozi, S.T., M.Sc.,Ph.D., IPM.

2026 | Skripsi | TEKNIK SIPIL

Kondisi perkerasan jalan dipengaruhi tidak hanya oleh beban lalu lintas, tetapi juga faktor lingkungan seperti suhu udara, suhu permukaan perkerasan, kelembapan udara, dan kecepatan angin, yang berbeda pada kawasan pegunungan dengan variasi tata guna lahan. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh terbatasnya kajian mengenai keterkaitan tersebut pada ruas Jalan Raya Kaligesing dan Nanggulan–Tegalsari yang melintasi kawasan hutan jati, permukiman, ladang, dan hutan pinus. Rumusan masalah meliputi kondisi perkerasan berdasarkan PCI dan IRI, karakteristik lingkungan pada tiap tata guna lahan, serta pola hubungan lingkungan terhadap PCI, dengan tujuan mengevaluasi, mengidentifikasi, dan memperoleh pola hubungan tersebut.

Penelitian dilakukan pada empat segmen dengan tata guna lahan berbeda melalui survei lapangan. Kondisi perkerasan dievaluasi menggunakan metode Pavement Condition Index (PCI) berdasarkan ASTM D6433 dan International Roughness Index (IRI) menggunakan aplikasi RoadBounce IRI Road Roughness. Data lingkungan diukur menggunakan environment meter pada setiap unit sampel. Hubungan variabel lingkungan dengan PCI dianalisis dengan korelasi Spearman's rho dan regresi linear berganda, sedangkan hubungan PCI-IRI dianalisis dengan regresi linier sederhana.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai PCI rata-rata berkisar 11,5–35,4 (Serious hingga Very Poor) dengan kerusakan dominan alligator cracking, potholes, weathering/raveling, dan patching. Nilai IRI bervariasi 3,647–10,919 m/km (Baik hingga Rusak Ringan), dengan hubungan PCI-IRI negatif sangat kuat (r = -0,906; R² = 0,821). Korelasi Spearman menunjukkan kecepatan angin berhubungan negatif sedang dan signifikan dengan PCI (r = -0,558), sedangkan variabel lingkungan lain tidak signifikan. Regresi linear berganda menunjukkan variabel lingkungan berpengaruh signifikan secara simultan (R² = 0,392; Sig. F = 0,004) namun tidak signifikan secara parsial akibat multikolinearitas pada suhu udara dan kelembapan udara. Rekomendasi penanganan berdasarkan PCI untuk seluruh segmen adalah major maintenance and rehabilitation (cold milling, perbaikan kerusakan struktural, dan overlay), sedangkan berdasarkan IRI direkomendasikan pemeliharaan berkala pada Segmen A, rehabilitasi pada Segmen B dan C, serta pemeliharaan rutin pada Segmen D.

Road pavement conditions are influenced not only by traffic loads but also by environmental factors such as air temperature, pavement surface temperature, humidity, and wind speed, which vary in mountainous areas with diverse land-use patterns. This study was motivated by the limited research on these relationships along the Jalan Raya Kaligesing segmens, which traverse teak forests, residential areas, plantations, and pine forests. The research questions include pavement conditions based on PCI and IRI, environmental characteristics in each land-use category, and the patterns of environmental relationships with PCI, with the aim of evaluating, identifying, and determining these relationship patterns.

The study was conducted on four segmens with different land-use categories through field surveys. Pavement conditions were evaluated using the PCI method based on ASTM D6433 and the IRI method using the RoadBounce IRI Road Roughness application. Environmental data were measured using an environment meter at each sampling point. Environmental variables and PCI were analyzed using Spearman's rho correlation and multiple linear regression, while the PCI–IRI relationship was analyzed using simple linear regression.

Results show average PCI values ranging from 11.3–35.4 (Serious to Very Poor), with dominant damage of alligator cracking, potholes, weathering/raveling, and patching. IRI values ranged from 3.647–10.919 m/km (Good to Slightly Damaged), with a very strong negative PCI–IRI relationship (r = -0.906; R² = 0.821). Spearman correlation showed wind speed had a moderate, significant negative relationship with PCI (r = -0.558), while other variables were not significant. Multiple regression showed a significant simultaneous effect on PCI (R² = 0.392; Sig. F = 0.004) but no significant partial effect due to multicollinearity in air temperature and humidity. Recommended PCI-based treatment for all segments is major maintenance and rehabilitation (cold milling, structural repair, and overlay), while IRI-based recommendations are periodic maintenance for Segment A, rehabilitation for Segments B and C, and routine maintenance for Segment D.

Kata Kunci : Kerusakan Perkerasan Jalan, Pavement Condition Index (PCI), International Roughness Index (IRI), Kawasan Pegunungan