Aspirasi masyarakat nelayan terhadap permukiman kembali pasca bencana Tsunami di Kelurahan Lampulo Kota Banda Aceh

SAFLINA, Ir. Haryadi, M.Arch.,Ph.D

2005 | Tesis | Magister Perencanaan Kota dan Daerah

Gempa besar tanggal 26 Desember 2004 pukul 6:58:50 WIB dengan skala 5,8 sampai 9,0 berpusat disebelah barat Kota Banda Aceh telah memicu gelombang tsunami yang oleh orang Aceh dikenal dengan istilah “ie beuna” setinggi 30 meter lebih dan menyebabkan korban jiwa hilang atau meninggal, hancurnya sarana, prasarana (fisik dan non fisik) di Kota Banda Aceh termasuk Kelurahan Lampulo Dalam kondisi masyarakat yang trauma, mereka dihadapkan pada wacana yang ramai dibicarakan di media massa yaitu penetapan areal penanaman bakau (mangrove) sejauh 5‐6 Km dari pesisir pantai, yang sekarang hanya berjarak 3 Km dari permukiman mereka. Masyarakat mulai menunjukkan reaksi dengan kembali menetap dibawah tenda darurat diantara puing‐puing rumah mereka. Dengan latar belakang permasalahan tersebut, maka penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasikan atau menemukan aspirasi masyarakat nelayan terhadap permukiman kembali pasca bencana tsunami di Kelurahan Lampulo Kota Banda Aceh. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologis. Pengambilan data dilakukan secara purpusive sampling. Informasi diperoleh dari hasil observasi, wawancara, dengan tokoh masyarakat, nelayan, ibu rumah tangga dan masyarakat yang tinggal di Kelurahan Lampulo. Unit informasi yang didapat dibuat dalam bentuk katagorisasi, untuk mendapatkan tema yang akan diangkat menjadi suatu konsep. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aspirasi masyarakat nelayan terhadap permukiman kembali pasca bencana tsunami adalah penataan kembali permukiman di tempat semula. Hal ini dipengaruhi oleh nilainilai ekonomi, sosial dan budaya yang sudah mengakar dalam kehidupan mereka terhadap pilihan lokasi permukiman, adanya prioritas sarana, prasarana yang diinginkan ”ya lageu yang ka’na dilee”, dan kearifan lokal dibawah pimpinan Panglima Laot. Keterkaitan dengan laut, pekerjaan sebagai nelayan, aksesibilitas lokasi permukiman, Tempat Pelelangan Ikan sebagai pusat kegiatan, yang lokasinya di tepian Krueng Aceh dengan jarak 1,5 – 2 Km dari pusat Kota Banda Aceh.

The huge disaster on 26 December 2004 at 6:58:50 a.m. at 5.8. to 9.0 scale richter centering in the west of Banda Aceh town had triggered tsunami of more than 30 meters high that Aceh people call it “ie beuna”. The huge tsunami had caused hundreds of people missing and dead, equipments and infrastructures (physical and non‐physical) to ruin in Banda Aceh town, including Lampulo Sub‐district. In a traumatic condition, the inhabitants had to face an issue in mass media discussing about the plantation of mangrove trees in an area of 5‐6 kilometers from the coast that is only 3 kilometers away from their dwelling place. This resulted in conflict between the government plan and the community who live their lives as fishermen. The people began to show reaction by choosing to remain staying in their villages and build their tents among the ruins of their houses. This research was aimed at indentifying or finding the aspiration of fishermen community toward relocation after tsunami disaster in Lampulo Sub‐district of Banda Aceh town. This research was done by qualitative method with phenomenological approach. Data collection was done by purposive sampling. Information was obtained from observation, interviews with community leaders (Panglima Laot), fishermen, housewives and the community living in Lampulo Sub‐district. To obtain the theme that would become a concept, the information units that were obtained were made into categorization form. The result of the research showed that the aspiration of the fishermen community toward relocation after tsunami disaster was dwelling reconstruction in the original place. This was influenced by the values such as dwelling place that is close to the coast, priority of the equipments and infrastructures they wanted “ ya lageu yang ka`na dilee`, and local wisdom under direction of Panglma Laot. The relations with the ocean, the work as fishermen, accessibility to the dwelling place, Fish Auction Place (TPI) as the center of the activity with the distance of 1.5 ‐ 2 kilometers from Banda city center.

Kata Kunci : Permukiman Nelayan,Bencana Alam,Aspirasi Masyarakat, Community aspiration, fishermen dwelling place, tsunami disaster.