Nilai Ekonomi Total Areal Hak Guna Usaha di Papua Selatan

Anton Prasojo, Ir. Dwiko Budi Permadi, S.Hut., M.Sc., Ph.D., IPU; Prof. Dr. Ir. Wahyu Andayani, S.U., M.S

2026 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kehutanan

Areal Penggunaan Lain (APL) umumnya dimanfaatkan untuk kegiatan produksi, terutama perkebunan, melalui pemberian Hak Guna Usaha (HGU) kepada Perusahaan, salah satunya perkebunan sawit. Dalam praktiknya, pengelolaan areal HGU untuk Perkebunan sering menimbulkan tekanan terhadap tutupan hutan alam yang masih tersisa karena fungsi ekologis APL sebagai penyedia jasa lingkungan cenderung terabaikan, sehingga mendorong konversi hutan alam seluruhnya menjadi perkebunan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghitung perkiraan Nilai Ekonomi Total (NET) pada areal HGU yang masih terdapat areal berhutan alam selain kebun sawit, di salah satu perusahaan swasta Perkebunan sawit di Papua Selatan. Untuk menilai ekonomi total, penelitian ini menggunakan  pendekatan nilai guna langsung dan nilai guna tidak langsung yang mencakup komponen produksi dan jasa ekosistem lainnya dalam satu kesatuan lanskap.

Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kuantitatif berbasis data sekunder yang diperoleh dari perusahaan, literatur, serta berbagai sumber pendukung lainnya. Nilai guna langsung dihitung dari estimasi produksi tandan buah segar (TBS) kelapa sawit dan potensi kayu hutan alam, sedangkan nilai guna tidak langsung dihitung dari jasa lingkungan berupa penyimpanan karbon dan jasa air. Seluruh komponen nilai tersebut kemudian diintegrasikan dalam kerangka Nilai Ekonomi Total (NET) untuk memberikan gambaran yang komprehensif mengenai nilai ekonomi lanskap.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa untuk luas areal HGU sebesar 23.908,50 Ha, Nilai Ekonomi Total (NET) mencapai Rp723.745.970.356/tahun, yang terdiri atas nilai guna langsung (potensi kayu dan TBS) sebesar Rp Rp134.036.401.312/tahun (19%) dan nilai guna tidak langsung (potensi stok karbon dan air) sebesar Rp589.709.569.044/tahun (81%). Nilai ekonomi total untuk areal berhutan (potensi kayu, stok karbon dan air) adalah Rp59.389.548/ha/tahun lebih tinggi dibandingkan perkebunan kelapa sawit (TBS, stok karbon dan air) sebesar Rp Rp26.850.051/ha/tahun. Dengan demikian nilai tutupan hutan alam  per satu hektar lebih tinggi 2,2 kali lipat dibanding nilai tutupan kebun sawit. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa keberadaan tutupan hutan alam pada areal HGU memberikan kontribusi yang signifikan terhadap nilai ekonomi kawasan, sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai bahan pertimbangan dalam evaluasi rencana pengelolaan dan perubahan penggunaan lahan

Areas for Other Uses (APL) are generally utilized for production activities, particularly plantations, through the granting of Business Use Rights (HGU) to companies, one of which is the oil palm plantation sector. In practice, the management of HGU areas for plantations often puts pressure on the remaining natural forest cover because the ecological function of APL as a provider of environmental services tends to be neglected, thereby driving the complete conversion of natural forests into plantations. This study aims to calculate the Total Economic Value (TEV) of HGU areas that still contain natural forest areas in addition to oil palm plantations, at a private oil palm plantation company in South Papua. To assess the total economic value, this study employs an approach that considers both direct and indirect use values, encompassing production components and other ecosystem services within a single landscape unit.

This study employs a quantitative descriptive approach based on secondary data obtained from the company, the literature, and various other supporting sources. Direct benefits were calculated from estimates of fresh fruit bunch (FFB) production and the timber potential of natural forests, while indirect benefits were calculated from environmental services such as carbon sequestration and water services. All of these value components were then integrated into a Total Economic Value (TEV) framework to provide a comprehensive picture of the landscape’s economic value.

The results of this study showed that, for the 23,908.50 ha HGU area, the Total Economic Value (TEV) reached IDR 723,745,970,356 per year. This value consisted of direct use value, derived from potential timber and fresh fruit bunches (FFB), amounting to IDR 134,036,401,312 per year (19%), and indirect use value, derived from potential carbon stocks and water regulation services, amounting to IDR 589,709,569,044 per year (81%). The total economic value of the forested area, comprising potential timber, carbon stocks, and water regulation services, was IDR 59,389,548/ha/year, which was higher than that of the oil palm plantation area, comprising FFB, carbon stocks, and water regulation services, at IDR 26,850,051/ha/year. Thus, the economic value per hectare of natural forest cover was 2.2 times higher than that of oil palm plantation cover. These findings highlight the significant contribution of natural forest cover within the HGU area to the overall economic value of the landscape and indicate that the results can serve as a consideration in evaluating land management and land-use change plans.

Kata Kunci : Nilai Ekonomi Total, HGU, hutan, kelapa sawit, Papua Selatan