Dampak Pengalaman Traumatik Terhadap Perkembangan Kejiwaan Karakter Oba Yozo dalam Novel Ningen Shikkaku Karya Dazai Osamu : Kajian Trauma Cathy Caruth

M. Surya Akbar Syahputra, Drs. Deddy Hernandy Oekon, M.Hum.,

2026 | Skripsi | SASTRA JEPANG

Trauma diketahui memberikan dampak jangka panjang terhadap perkembangan psikologis seseorang, sebagaimana tergambar dalam novel Ningen Shikkaku melalui keruntuhan psikologis tokoh Oba Yozo. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi peristiwa-peristiwa yang dialami Oba Yozo, serta menganalisis bagaimana dampak pengalaman traumatik tersebut mempengaruhi perkembangan kejiwaannya menggunakan teori trauma Cathy Caruth. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan psikologi sastra dengan sumber data primer berupa novel Ningen Shikkaku dan sumber data sekunder berupa penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya dan artikel jurnal. Analisis data diawali dengan pembacaan intensif pada novel Ningen Shikkaku, kemudian mengidentifikasi dan mengelompokkan data berdasarkan kategori yang relevan. Kemudian data yang telah diidentifikasi dianalisis dengan menggunakan teori trauma dan menafsirkan dampak pengalaman traumatik terhadap perkembangan kejiwaan tokoh serta pengaruhnya terhadap alur cerita dan penokohan.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Oba Yozo mengalami tiga peristiwa traumatik inti, yaitu pelecehan seksual di masa kecil, kematian Tsuneko dalam peristiwa bunuh diri ganda, serta pemerkosaan yang menimpa istrinya, Yoshiko. Dampak dari ketiga peristiwa tersebut dianalisis melalui tiga konsep trauma Cathy Caruth. Trauma Oba bersifat belated karena ia baru menyadari makna pelecehan yang dialaminya dan kematian Tsuneko setelah bertahun-tahun berlalu ia mengalami repetition compulsion dengan mengulang pola kegagalan hubungan, percobaan bunuh diri, dan adiksi di luar kendalinya serta mencapai puncak unclaimed experience ketika ia menyatakan dirinya gagal menjadi manusia, yang menandakan hilangnya kemampuan untuk mengklaim pengalaman hidupnya sebagai miliknya sendiri.

Trauma is known to have a long-term impact on a person's psychological development, as depicted in the novel Ningen Shikkaku through the psychological collapse of the character Oba Yozo. This study aims to identify the events experienced by Oba Yozo and analyze how these traumatic experiences impact his psychological development using Cathy Caruth's trauma theory. This study is a qualitative study using a literary psychology approach. The primary data source is the novel Ningen Shikkaku and secondary data sources include previous studies and journal articles. Data analysis began with an intensive reading of the novel, followed by identifying and categorizing the data into relevant categories. The identified data were then analyzed using trauma theory and interpreted the impact of the traumatic experiences on the character's psychological development and their influence on the plot and characterization.

The results indicate that Oba Yozo experienced three core traumatic events: childhood sexual abuse, the death of Tsuneko in a double suicide, and the rape of his wife, Yoshiko. The impact of these three events was analyzed using Cathy Caruth's three trauma concepts. Oba's trauma is belated because she only realized the meaning of the abuse she experienced and Tsuneko's death after years had passed. She experienced repetition compulsions by repeating the pattern of failed relationships, suicide attempts, and addictions beyond her control and reached the peak of unclaimed experience when she declared herself a failure as a human being, which signified the loss of the ability to claim her life experiences as her own.

Kata Kunci : Ningen Shikkaku, Kajian Trauma Cathy Caruth, belatedness, repetition compulsion, unclaimed experience