Analisis Dampak Relokasi Pascabencana Terhadap Sosial-Ekonomi Penduduk Bantaran Sungai Comoro, Dili, Timor-Leste

Eleonora Fatima Joao Martins, Prof. Ir. Joko Sujono, M.Eng., Ph.D; Prof. Dr. Sri Rum Giyarsih, M.Si.

2026 | Tesis | S2 MAGISTER MANAJEMEN BENCANA

Kawasan bantaran Sungai Comoro di Kota Dili, Timor-Leste merupakan wilayah dengan kerentanan bencana tinggi, di mana banjir dan longsor tepi sungai pada tahun 2021 menyebabkan kerusakan infrastruktur serta kehilangan harta benda. Kondisi ini diperburuk oleh tata ruang yang tidak teratur, sistem drainase buruk, dan keterbatasan tanggul. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kondisi sosial-ekonomi masyarakat sebelum dan sesudah relokasi, menganalisis persepsi masyarakat terhadap kebijakan, mengidentifikasi faktor adaptasi, serta merumuskan rekomendasi kebijakan relokasi yang responsif. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam terhadap 15 informan, observasi lapangan, dan telaah dokumen terkait regulasi serta data kebencanaan. Validitas data melalui triangulasi sumber dan metode, dengan teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis tematik yang meliputi proses coding, kategorisasi, dan identifikasi tema utama. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya perubahan sosial-ekonomi yang signifikan. Pascarelokasi, masyarakat mengalami tekanan ekonomi berupa peningkatan biaya hidup dan kehilangan aset produktif serta usaha informal yang sebelumnya stabil. Secara sosial, relokasi memicu kohesi dan fragmentasi jaringan sosial yang terbatas. Dari aspek persepsi, masyarakat memahami alasan relokasi namun merasa tidak puas karena keterbatasan partisipasi dalam perencanaan. Faktor penghambat utama beradaptasi mencakup beban psikologis dan kehilangan mata pencaharian, sementara ketersediaan fasilitas umum dan layanan air PDAM menjadi faktor pendukung. Kemampuan adaptasi sangat bergantung pada dukungan keluarga dan kapasitas individu dalam menyesuaikan diri. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini merekomendasikan spesifikasi kebijakan relokasi, program pemulihan mata pencaharian, serta dukungan psikologis

The Comoro Riverbank area in Dili City, Timor-Leste, is a region with high disaster vulnerability, where floods and riverbank landslides in 2021 caused infrastructure damage and loss of property. This condition was exacerbated by unplanned spatial development, poor drainage systems, and limited embankment infrastructure. This study aims to describe the socio-economic conditions of the community before and after relocation, analyze community perceptions of the policy, identify adaptation factors, and formulate responsive relocation policy recommendations. The research method used was descriptive qualitative. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with 15 informants, field observations, and a review of documents related to regulations and disaster data. Data validity was ensured through source and method triangulation, while data analysis employed thematic analysis involving coding, categorization, and identification of major themes. The results indicate significant socio-economic changes. After relocation, the community experienced economic pressures in the form of increased living costs and the loss of productive assets and informal businesses that had previously been stable. Socially, relocation triggered cohesion and fragmentation within limited social networks. From the perception aspect, the community understood the reasons for relocation but expressed dissatisfaction due to limited participation in the planning process. The main factors hindering adaptation included psychological burdens and loss of livelihoods, while the availability of public facilities and PDAM water services became supporting factors. Adaptive capacity was highly dependent on family support and individual capacity to adjust. Therefore, this study recommends specifications of relocation policies, livelihood recovery programs, and psychological support.

Kata Kunci : adaptasi, dampak sosial-ekonomi, kebijakan, relokasi.