Perolehan Tanah Untuk Kegiatan Pertambangan Batuan Dalam Mendukung Pembangunan Ibu Kota Nusantara (IKN) Studi Kasus Desa Banua Adolang, Kecamatan Pamboang, Kabupaten Majene, Sulawesi Barat

Fitriani, Dr. Rikardo Simarmata, S.H.

2026 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Hukum

Intensifikasi pertambangan batuan di Desa Banua Adolang, Kabupaten Majene untuk menyuplai logistik pembangunan Ibu Kota Nusantara (IKN) memicu sengketa ruang di tingkat tapak. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis mekanisme perolehan tanah permukaan oleh perusahaan tambang serta mengkaji kendala yang dihadapi pemilik lahan. Menggunakan metode penelitian hukum empiris (socio-legal) dengan pendekatan yuridis-sosiologis, data primer diperoleh melalui wawancara mendalam dan data sekunder via studi kepustakaan, yang dianalisis secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perolehan tanah tidak menggunakan skema pengadaan tanah (UU No. 2 Tahun 2012), melainkan skema hukum UU No. 4 tahun 2009 tentang Pertambangan Mineral dan Batubara sebagaimana telah diubah melalui UU No. 3 Tahun 2020 dan Peraturan Pemerintahlah No. 96 Tahun 2021. Melalui diversifikasi kontrak berupa jual beli dan sewa-menyewa. Meskipun prosedural formal terpenuhi, pelaksanaan dilapangkan menghadapi kendala serius. Muncul kendala pemenuhan kriteria Clean and Clear (CnC) akibat benturan peta koordinat satelit korporasi dengan dokumen surat keterangan tanah (SKT) warga berbasis atas alam. Kelemahan pembuktian SKT ini memicu diskriminasi ganti rugi, di mana pemilik SHM menerima pembayaran penuh, sedangkan pemilik (SKT) hanya ganti atas tanaman tumbuh karena perusahaan memitigasi risiko defensif terhadap sengketa ahli waris (boedel waris) masa depan.

The intensification of rock mining in the village of Banua Adolang, Majene Regency, to supply materials for the construction of the Nusantara Capital Ciry (IKN) has triggered land disputes at the local level. This study aims to analyze the mechanisms by which mining companies acquire surface land and to examine the obstacles faced by landowners. Using an empirical legal (socio-legal) research method with a juridical-sociological approach, primary data were obtained through in-depth interviews and secondary data via a literature review, which were analyzed qualitatively. The results show that land acquisition does not utilize the land acquisition scheme (Law No. 2 of 2012), but rather the legal framework of Law No. 4 of 2009 on mineral and  coal mining, as amended by Law No. 3 of 2020 and government regulation No. 96 of 2021. This was achieved through contract diversification in the form of sales and leases. Although formal procedures were followed, implementation on the ground faced serious obstacles. Challenges arose in meeting the "Clean and Clear" (CnC) criteria due to conflicts between the corporation's satellite coordinate maps and residents' land certification documents (SKT) based on natural land boundaries. The weakness of this SKT evidence has led to discriminatory compensation practices, where owners of SHM (Certificates of Freehold Title) receive full payment, while SKT holders are compensated only for standing crops because the company is taking defensive measures to mitigate the risk of future disputes with heirs (boodle waris). 

Kata Kunci : Penguasaan Lahan, Bukti Kepemilikan Informal, Sertifikasi Pertambangan, Infrastruktur Strategis Nasional.